英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

collar: collar: [13] Etymologically, a collar is simply something worn round one’s ‘neck’. The word comes via Anglo-Norman coler from Latin collāre, which meant ‘necklace’ as well as ‘part of a garment that encircles the neck’ (both senses have come through into English, although the latter has predominated). Collāre was a derivative of collum ‘neck’, which came from an earlier base *kols- that also produced German and Swedish hals ‘neck’.

It has been speculated that it goes back ultimately to Indo-European *qwelo- ‘go round’, the root from which we get English wheel – the underlying notion being that the neck is that on which the head turns.
=> décolleté, hauberk, wheel
corollary: corollary: [14] Latin corolla was a ‘little crown or garland’, typically made from flowers (the word was a diminutive form of corōna ‘crown’, source of English crown). Hence a corollārium was ‘money paid for such a garland’, and by extension ‘gratuity’. Later it developed the meaning ‘deduction’, applied in geometry to a subsidiary proposition dependent on a previous proof, the sense in which it was first borrowed into English. (English acquired corolla itself in the 17th century.)
=> coronary, crown
dollar: dollar: [16] English originally acquired the word dollar in the form doler; this was the Low German form of German taler, a large silver coin in use in the German states from the 16th century. The word was short for Joachimstaler, literally ‘of Joachim’s valley’, and is a reference to the fact that silver from which the coins were made was mined near Joachimstal (modern Jachymov) in the Erzgebirge mountains, Czech Republic. By around 1700 the spelling dollar had become fairly standard, and in 1785 the term was formally adopted for the main unit of currency in the USA. It has since been taken up by over thirty countries around the world.
=> dale
ayatollah (n.): honorific title for an Iranian Shiite religious leader, 1950, from Persian, from Arabic ayatu-llah, literally "miraculous sign of God."
blue collar (adj.): also blue-collar, 1949, from blue (1) + collar (n.). From the common color of men's work shirts.
bollard (n.): 1844, originally a post for fixing mooring ropes; since 1948, usually a traffic control device; probably from bole + suffix -ard.
collaborate (v.): 1871, back-formation from collaborator. Given a bad sense in World War II. Related: Collaborated; collaborating.
collaboration (n.): 1860, from French collaboration, noun of action from Latin collaborare (see collaborate). In a bad sense, "tratorious cooperation with an occupying enemy," it is recorded from 1940; earliest references are to the Vichy Government of France.
collaborator (n.): 1802, from French collaborateur, from Latin collaboratus, past participle of collaborare "work with," from com- "with" (see com-) + labore "to work" (see labor (v.)).
collage (n.): 1919, from French collage "a pasting," from Old French coller "to glue," from Greek kolla "glue." Earliest reference is in Wyndham Lewis.
collagen (n.): structural protein of connective tissue, 1843, from French collagène, from Greek kolla "glue" + -gen "giving birth to" (see -gen).
collapsable (adj.): 1843, from collapse (v.) + -able.
collapse (v.): 1732, from Latin collapsus, past participle of collabi "fall together," from com- "together" (see com-) + labi "to fall, slip" (see lapse (n.)). The adjective collapsed is attested from c. 1600, from Latin collapsus, and perhaps this suggested a verb. Related: Collapsing.
collapse (n.): 1801, from collapse (v.).
collapsible (adj.): 1875, alternative spelling of collapsable.
collar (n.): c. 1300, "neck armor, gorget," from Old French coler "neck, collar" (12c., Modern French collier), from Latin collare "necklace, band or chain for the neck," from collum "the neck," from PIE *kwol-o- "neck" (cognates: Old Norse and Middle Dutch hals "neck"), literally "that on which the head turns," from root *kwel- (1) "move round, turn about" (see cycle (n.)). Late 14c. as "border at the neck of a garment."
collar (v.): 1550s, "to grab (someone) by the collar or neck," from collar (n.). Meaning "to capture" is attested from 1610s. Related: Collared; collaring. As a past participle adjective, collared "wearing a collar" is from late 14c.
collarbone (n.): c. 1500, from collar (n.) + bone (n.).
collard (n.): 1755, American English, corruption of colewort (Middle English) "cabbage," later especially "kale, greens;" first element related to the cole in coleslaw; for second element, see wort.
collate (v.): 1610s, from Latin collatus, irregular past participle of conferre "to bring together," from com- "together" (see com-) + latus (see oblate (n.)), serving as past participle of ferre "to bear" (see infer). Related: Collated; collating.
collateral (adj.): late 14c., "accompanying," also "descended from the same stock," from Old French collateral (13c.), from Medieval Latin collateralis "accompanying," literally "side by side," from Latin com- "together" (see com-) + lateralis "of the side," from latus "a side" (see oblate (n.)). Literal sense of "parallel, along the side of" attested in English from mid-15c. Related: Collaterally.
collateral (n.): 16c., "colleague, associate," from collateral (adj.). Meaning "thing given as security" is from 1832, American English, from phrase collateral security (1720).
collateral damage (n.): by 1873 in legal cases; in modern use, generally a euphemism for "the coincidental killing of civilians," U.S. coinage, c. 1968, at first generally with reference to nuclear weapons.
collation (n.): late 14c., "act of bringing together," from Old French collation (13c.) "collation, comparison, discussion" (also "a light supper"), from Latin collationem (nominative collatio), noun of action from collatus, irregular past participle of conferre "to bring together" (see collate). The word has had many meanings over the centuries. As the title of a popular 5c. religious work by John Cassian, "Collation" was sometimes translated into Old English as Þurhtogenes.
controllable (adj.): 1570s, from control (v.) + -able.
corolla (n.): 1670s, "crown," from Latin corolla, diminutive of corona "crown, garland" (see crown (n.)). Botanical use is from 1753.
corollary (n.): late 14c., from Late Latin corollarium "a deduction, consequence," from Latin corollarium, originally "money paid for a garland," hence "gift, gratuity, something extra;" and in logic, "a proposition proved from another that has been proved." From corolla "small garland," diminutive of corona "crown" (see crown (n.)).
corollate (adj.): 1864, "having a corolla," from corolla + -ate.
dollar (n.): 1550s, from Low German daler, from German taler (1530s, later thaler), abbreviation of Joachimstaler, literally "(gulden) of Joachimstal," coin minted 1519 from silver from mine opened 1516 near Joachimstal, town in Erzgebirge Mountains in northwest Bohemia. German Tal is cognate with English dale.

The thaler was a large silver coin of varying value in the German states (and a unit of the German monetary union of 1857-73 equal to three marks); it also served as a currency unit in Denmark and Sweden. English colonists in America used the word in reference to Spanish pieces of eight. Due to extensive trade with the Spanish Indies and the proximity of Spanish colonies along the Gulf Coast, the Spanish dollar was probably the coin most familiar in the American colonies and the closest thing to a standard in all of them; it was used in the government's records of public debt and expenditures; it had the added advantage of not being British. The Continental Congress in 1786 adopted dollar as a unit when it set up the modern U.S. currency system, which was based on the suggestion of Gouverneur Morris (1782) as modified by Thomas Jefferson. None were circulated until 1794 .
When William M. Evarts was Secretary of State he accompanied Lord Coleridge on an excursion to Mount Vernon. Coleridge remarked that he had heard it said that Washington, standing on the lawn, could throw a dollar clear across the Potomac. Mr. Evarts explained that a dollar would go further in those days than now. [Walsh]
Phrase dollars to doughnuts attested from 1890; dollar diplomacy is from 1910. The dollar sign ($) is said to derive from the image of the Pillars of Hercules, stamped with a scroll, on the Spanish piece of eight. However, according to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the U.S. Department of the Treasury:
[T]he most widely accepted explanation is that the symbol is the result of evolution, independently in different places, of the Mexican or Spanish "P's" for pesos, or piastres, or pieces of eight. The theory, derived from a study of old manuscripts, is that the "S" gradually came to be written over the "P," developing a close equivalent of the "$" mark. It was widely used before the adoption of the United States dollar in 1785.
Hezbollah (n.): extremist Shiite group active in Lebanon, founded c. 1982, from Persian hezbollah, Arabic hizbullah, literally "Party of God," from hezb/hizb "party" + allah "God." An adherent is a Hezbollahi. The name of various Islamic groups in modern times, the name itself is attested in English by 1960 in referense to an Indonesian guerilla battalion of 1945 that "grew out of a similarly named organization formed by the Japanese to give training in military drill to young Moslems."
In Modjokuto (like Masjumi itself, Hizbullah was Indonesia-wide but, also like Masjumi, it had little effective central organization) this group was led by the present head of Muhammadijah -- the same man who a year or so before was going to Djakarta for propaganda training and studying to be a kamikaze. [Clifford Geertz, "The Religion of Java," Chicago, 1960]
holla: as a command to "stop, cease," 1520s, from French holà (15c.). As a command to get attention, from 1580s. As an urban slang form of holler (v.) and meaning "greet, shout out to," it was in use by 2003.
Holland: "the Netherlands," early 14c., from Dutch Holland, probably Old Dutch holt lant "wood land," describing the district around Dordrecht, the nucleus of Holland. Technically, just one province of the Netherlands, but in English use extended to the whole nation.
hollandaise: 1841, from French sauce hollandaise "Dutch sauce," from fem. of hollandais "Dutch," from Hollande "Holland."
Hollander: "native or inhabitant of Holland," mid-15c., from Holland + -er (1).
lollapalooza (n.): also lallapaloosa, lallapalootza, etc.; "remarkable or wonderful person or thing," 1901, American English, fanciful formation. The annual North American alternative pop music concert of the same name dates from 1991.
Lollard: name for certain heretics, late 14c. (in Chaucer, Loller, c. 1386), from Middle Dutch lollaerd, applied pejoratively to members of reforming sects c. 1300 who devoted themselves to the care of the sick and poor, literally "mumbler, mutterer," so called by critics who regarded them as heretics pretending to humble piety, from lollen "to mumble or doze." Generic late Middle English term for groups suspected of heresy, especially followers of John Wyclif.
petrodollar (n.): 1974, "surplus of petroleum exports over imports of all other goods," as a notational unit of currency (in reference to OPEC nations), formed in English from petro- (2) + dollar.
pink-collar (adj.): in reference to jobs generally held by women, 1977, from pink (adj.), considered a characteristically feminine color, + collar (n.).
pollack (n.): sea fish, c. 1600, pollock, alteration of Scottish podlok, of unknown origin, perhaps from poll (n.) "head." Possibly the alteration is by influence of Pollack "Polish person."
pollard (n.): 1540s, "de-horned animal," from poll (v.2) + -ard. In reference to polled trees, from 1610s.
uncontrollable (adj.): 1570s, "irrefutable," from un- (1) "not" + controllable. From 1590s as "not subject to authority;" meaning "that cannot be restrained" is from 1640s. Related: Uncontrollably.
white-collar (adj.): by 1911, perhaps 1909, from white (adj.) + collar (n.).
The white collar men are your clerks; they are your bookkeepers, your cashiers, your office men. We call them the 'white collar men' in order to distinguish them from the men who work with uniform and overalls and carry the dinner pails. The boys over on the West side got that name for them. It was supposed to be something a little better than they were. [Malcolm McDowell, quoted in "Chicago Commerce," June 12, 1914]
White-collar crime attested by 1957 (there is a white-collar criminaloids from 1934).
decollate (1): "Behead (someone)", Late Middle English: from Latin decollat- 'beheaded', from the verb decollare, from de- (expressing removal) + collum 'neck'.
decollate (2): "Mechanically separate sheets of paper into different piles", 1960s: from de- 'away from' + collate.
pollakanthic: "= polycarpic", Early 20th cent. From ancient Greek πολλάκις many times, often + ἄνθος flower + -ic.