英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

cormorant: cormorant: [13] In early medieval times the cormorant was named ‘sea raven’ – that is, in Latin, corvus marīnus. This passed into Old French first as cormareng, which later became cormaran. English adopted it and added a final t. The word’s origins are still evident in Portuguese corvo marinho ‘cormorant’.
=> marine
moral: moral: [14] Latin mōs ‘custom’ is the starting point of the English family of ‘morality’-words (and its plural mōres was acquired by English as mores in the 20th century). Its derived adjective mōrālis was coined, according to some by Cicero, as a direct translation of Greek ēthikós ‘ethical’, to denote the ‘typical or proper behaviour of human beings in society’, and was borrowed directly into English in the 14th century. Morale [18] was borrowed from French, where it is the feminine form of the adjective moral.

At first it was used in English for ‘morality, moral principles’; its modern sense ‘condition with regard to optimism, cheerfulness, etc’ is not recorded until the early 19th century.
=> morale, mores
moratorium: moratorium: see demur
Almoravides: Muslim Berber horde from the Sahara which founded a dynasty in Morocco (11c.) and conquered much of Spain and Portugal. The name is Spanish, from Arabic al-Murabitun, literally "the monks living in a fortified convent," from ribat "fortified convent."
amoral (adj.): "ethically indifferent," 1882, a hybrid formed from Greek privative prefix a- "not" (see a- (3)) + moral, which is derived from Latin. First used by Robert Louis Stephenson (1850-1894) as a differentiation from immoral.
commemorate (v.): 1590s, from Latin commemoratus, past participle of commemorare "bring to remembrance" (see commemoration). Related: Commemorated; commemorates; commemorating.
commemoration (n.): late 14c., "a calling to mind," also "service or church festival commemorating something," from Old French comemoration, from Latin commemorationem (nominative commemoratio) "reminding, mention," noun of action from past participle stem of commemorare "to call to mind," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + memorare "to remind," from memor "mindful of" (see memory).
commemorative (adj.): 1610s, from commemorate + -ive. As a noun meaning "means of commemoration" it is recorded from 1630s; as short for commemorative postage stamp from 1916.
cormorant (n.): early 14c., from Old French cormarenc (12c., Modern French cormoran), from Late Latin corvus marinus "sea raven" + Germanic suffix -enc, -ing. The -t in English probably is from confusion with words in -ant. It has a reputation for voracity.
demoralize (v.): c. 1793, "to corrupt the morals of," from French démoraliser, from de- "remove" (see de-) + moral (adj.) (see moral). Said to be a coinage of the French Revolution. Sense of "lower the morale of" (especially of armies) is first recorded 1848. Related: Demoralized; demoralizing.
femoral (adj.): 1782, from Medieval Latin femoralis, from stem of Latin femur "thigh" (see femur).
humoral (adj.): "pertaining to the humors of the body," 1520s, from Middle French humoral (14c.), from Latin humor (see humor (n.)).
immemorable (adj.): 1550s, from Latin immemorabilis, from assimilated form of in- "not" (see in- (1)) + memorabilis (see memorable).
immoral (adj.): 1650s, from assimilated form of in- (1) "not" + moral (adj.). Related: Immorally.
immorality (n.): 1560s, from assimilated form of in- (1) "not, opposite of" + morality.
inamorata (n.): "female lover," 1650s, from Italian innamorata, fem. of innamorato, past participle of innamorare "to fall in love," from in "in" (from Latin, see in) + amore "love" (see Amy).
inamorato (n.): 1892, masc. of inamorata (q.v.).
memorabilia (n.): "things worth remembering," 1806, from Latin memorabilia "notable achievements," noun use of neuter plural of memorabilis "worthy of being remembered" (see memorable).
memorability (n.): 1660s, from memorable + -ity.
memorable (adj.): mid-15c., from Middle French mémorable, from Latin memorabilis "that may be told; worthy of being remembered, remarkable," from memorare "to bring to mind," from memor "mindful of" (see memory). Related: Memorably.
memorandum (n.): early 15c., from Latin memorandum "(thing) to be remembered," neuter singular of memorandus "worthy of remembrance, noteworthy," gerundive of memorare "to call to mind," from memor "mindful of" (see memory). Originally a word written at the top of a note, by 1540s it came to stand for the note itself. The Latin plural is memoranda. Compare also agenda.
moraine (n.): "ridge of rock deposited by a glacier," 1789, from French moraine (18c.), from Savoy dialect morena "mound of earth," from Provençal morre "snout, muzzle," from Vulgar Latin *murrum "round object," of unknown origin, perhaps from a pre-Latin Alpine language. Related: Morainal; morainic.
moral (adj.): mid-14c., "pertaining to character or temperament" (good or bad), from Old French moral (14c.) and directly from Latin moralis "proper behavior of a person in society," literally "pertaining to manners," coined by Cicero ("De Fato," II.i) to translate Greek ethikos (see ethics) from Latin mos (genitive moris) "one's disposition," in plural, "mores, customs, manners, morals," of uncertain origin. Perhaps sharing a PIE root with English mood (n.1).

Meaning "morally good, conforming to moral rules," is first recorded late 14c. of stories, 1630s of persons. Original value-neutral sense preserved in moral support, moral victory (with sense of "pertaining to character as opposed to physical action"). Related: Morally.
moral (n.): "moral exposition of a story," c. 1500, from moral (adj.) and from French moral and Late Latin morale.
morale (n.): 1752, "moral principles or practice," from French morale "morality, good conduct," from fem. of Old French moral "moral" (see moral (adj.)). Meaning "confidence" (especially in a military context) first recorded 1831, from confusion with French moral (French distinguishes le moral "temperament" and la morale "morality").
moralist (n.): "moral person," 1620s; "teacher of morals," 1630s, from moral (adj.) + -ist.
moralistic (adj.): 1845; from moralist + -ic. Related: Moralistically.
morality (n.): late 14c., "moral qualities," from Old French moralité "moral (of a story); moral instruction; morals, moral character" (13c.) and directly from Late Latin moralitatem (nominative moralitas) "manner, character," from Latin moralis (see moral (adj.)). Meaning "goodness" is attested from 1590s.
Where there is no free agency, there can be no morality. Where there is no temptation, there can be little claim to virtue. Where the routine is rigorously proscribed by law, the law, and not the man, must have the credit of the conduct. [William H. Prescott, "History of the Conquest of Peru," 1847]
moralize (v.): c. 1400, "expound or interpret spiritual or moral significance," from Old French moraliser and directly from Late Latin moralizare, from moralis (see moral (adj.)). Related: Moralized; moralizing.
morals (n.): "a person's moral qualities," 1610s, plural of moral (n.).
morass (n.): "wet, swampy tract," 1650s, from Dutch moeras "marsh, fen," from Middle Dutch marasch, from Old French marais "marsh," from Frankish, possibly from West Germanic *marisk, from Proto-Germanic *mariskaz "like a lake," from *mari "sea" (see mere (n.)). The word was influenced in Dutch by moer "moor" (see moor (n.)). Figurative use is attested from 1867. Replaced earlier mareis (early 14c.; see marish).
moratoria (n.): Latin plural of moratorium.
moratorium (n.): 1875, originally a legal term for "authorization to a debtor to postpone payment," from neuter of Late Latin moratorius "tending to delay," from Latin morari "to delay," from mora "pause, delay," from PIE *mere- "to hinder, delay." The word didn't come out of italics until 1914. General sense of "a postponement, deliberate temporary suspension" is first recorded 1932. Related: Moratorial.
Moravia: region in central Europe, Medieval Latin, named for River Morva (German March, Latin Marus), which runs through it.
Moravian: 1550s (n.); 1610s (adj.), from Moravia. From 1746, in reference to the Protestant sect founded in the former German state of Moravia (now in Czech Republic). Related: Moravianism.
moray (n.): 1620s, from Portuguese moreia, from Latin muraena "sea eel, lamprey," from Greek smyraina, from smyros "sea eel."
remora (n.): 1560s, from Latin remora "sucking fish," literally "delay, hindrance," from re- "back" (see re-) + mora "delay" (see moratorium); so called because the fish were believed by the ancients to retard a vessel to which they attached themselves. Hence, in 17c.-18c., "an obstacle, an impediment" (the first sense of the word in Johnson's dictionary). In Greek, ekheneis, from ekhein "to hold" + naus (dative nei) "ship." Pliny writes that Antony's galley was delayed by one at Actium. Sometimes called in English stayship or stopship.
balmoral: "A round brimless hat with a cockade or ribbons attached, worn by certain Scottish regiments", Mid 19th century (in sense 2): named after Balmoral Castle in Scotland.
nemoral: "Of, relating to, or characteristic of groves or woods; living in or frequenting groves or woods", Mid 17th cent.; earliest use found in Thomas Blount (1618–1679), antiquary and lexicographer. From classical Latin nemorālis belonging to a wood or forest, frequenting woodland from nemor-, nemus wood (cognate with ancient Greek νέμος wood, Gaulish nemeton holy place (probably originally holy grove), Early Irish nemed holy place) + -ālis.
moratory: "Of, relating to, or authorizing a delay in the payment of a debt or in the performance of a legal obligation", Late 19th cent. From classical Latin morātōrius causing delay (late 2nd cent. a.d. in legal texts; from morāt-, past participial stem of morārī to delay + -ōrius), in specific use in English use probably after French moratoire.
moral turpitude: "Wickedness or depravity of character or conduct", Mid 17th cent.; earliest use found in Roger Coke (c1628–?1707), political writer and economist.
Moraxella: "A genus of Gram-negative bacteria (family Neisseriaceae) inhabiting the mucous membranes of mammals and causing infections of the middle ear, respiratory tract, and conjunctiva; specifically a subgenus of this genus comprising rod-shaped bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; (also moraxella) a bacterium of this genus", 1940s. From scientific Latin Moraxella from the name of Victor Morax, Swiss ophthalmologist, who discovered the bacteria + classical Latin -ella).