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moderate [moderate 词源字典]: moderate: [14] Latin moderārī or moderāre meant ‘reduce, control’. They were derived from an unrecorded *modes- (source also of modest), which was related to modus ‘measure’ (source of English mode and model), and hence denoted etymologically ‘keep within due measure’. Their past participle moderātus was taken over by English as an adjective, and converted into a verb in the 15th century.
=> mode, model, modern, modest[moderate etymology, moderate origin, 英语词源]
modern: modern: [16] Latin modus (source of English mode and model) meant ‘measure’. Its ablative form modō hence originally denoted ‘to the measure’, but it subsequently came to be used as an adverb meaning ‘just now’. And in postclassical times an adjective modernus was derived from it, signifying ‘of the present time’ – source, via French, of English modern. At first it was used strictly for ‘of the present moment’, but before the end of the 16th century the now familiar sense ‘of the present age’ had begun to emerge.
=> mode, model
immoderate (adj.): late 14c., from Latin immoderatus "boundless, immeasurable," figuratively "unrestrained, excessive," from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + moderatus "restrained" (see moderate). Related: Immoderately.
immoderation (n.): early 15c., from Latin immoderationem (nominative immoderatio) "want of moderation, excess," from immoderatus (see immoderate).
moderate (adj.): late 14c., originally of weather and other physical conditions, from Latin moderatus "within bounds, observing moderation;" figuratively "modest, restrained," past participle of moderari "to regulate, mitigate, restrain, temper, set a measure, keep (something) within measure," related to modus "measure," from PIE *med-es-, from base *med- (see medical (adj.)). The notion is "keeping within due measure." In English, of persons from early 15c.; of opinions from 1640s; of prices from 1904. Related: Moderateness.
moderate (v.): early 15c., "to abate excessiveness;" from Latin moderatus, past participle of moderari (see moderate (adj.)). Meaning "to preside over a debate" is first attested 1570s. Related: Moderated; moderating.
moderate (n.): "one who holds moderate opinions on controversial subjects," 1794, from moderate (adj.). Related: Moderatism; -moderantism.
moderately (adv.): late 14c., from moderate (adj.) + -ly (2).
moderation (n.): early 15c., from Old French moderacion (14c.) "alteration, modification; mitigation, alleviation," from Latin moderationem (nominative moderatio) "a controlling, guidance, government, regulation; moderation, temperateness, self-control," noun of action from moderatus (see moderate (adj.)).
moderator (n.): late 14c., "ruler, governor," from Latin moderator "manager, ruler, director," literally "he who moderates," from moderatus (see moderate (adj.)). Meaning "one who acts as an umpire" is from 1560s. Fem. form moderatrix attested from 1530s.
modern (adj.): c. 1500, "now existing;" 1580s, "of or pertaining to present or recent times;" from Middle French moderne (15c.) and directly from Late Latin modernus "modern" (Priscian, Cassiodorus), from Latin modo "just now, in a (certain) manner," from modo (adv.) "to the measure," ablative of modus "manner, measure" (see mode (n.1)). Extended form modern-day attested from 1909.

In Shakespeare, often with a sense of "every-day, ordinary, commonplace." Slang abbreviation mod first attested 1960. Modern art is from 1807 (by contrast to ancient); modern dance first attested 1912; first record of modern jazz is from 1954. Modern conveniences first recorded 1926.
modern (n.): 1580s, "person of the present time" (contrasted to ancient, from modern (adj.). From 1897 as "one who is up to date."
modernism (n.): 1737, "deviation from the ancient and classical manner" [Johnson, who calls it "a word invented by Swift"], from modern + -ism. From 1830 as "modern ways and styles." Used in theology since 1901. As a movement in the arts (away from classical or traditional modes), from 1929.
modernist (n.): 1580s, "a modern person," from modern + -ist. Later, "a supporter of the modern" (as opposed to the classical), c. 1700. As a follower of a movement in the arts (modernism), attested from 1927.
modernistic (adj.): 1878, from modernist + -ic.
modernity (n.): 1620s, from Medieval Latin modernitatem, noun of quality from modernus (see modern).
modernization (n.): 1770, from modernize + -ation.
modernize (v.): 1748, from modern + -ize, or from French moderniser. Related: Modernized; modernizing; modernizer.
post-modern (adj.): also post-modern, post modern, by 1919, in frequent use from 1949, from post- + modern.
But it has been only during the later decades of the modern era -- during that time interval that might fairly be called the post-modern era -- that this mechanistic conception of things has begun seriously to affect the current system of knowledge and belief; and it has not hitherto seriously taken effect except in technology and in the material sciences. [Thorstein Veblen, "The Vested Interests and the Common Man," 1919]

So much for the misapplied theory which has helped set the artist's nerves a-quiver and incited him to the extremes of post modern art, literary and other. [Wilson Follett, "Literature and Bad Nerves," "Harper's," June 1921]
Of architecture from 1940s; specific sense in the arts emerged 1960s (see postmodernism).
postmodernism (n.): also post-modernism, by 1977, from post- + modernism. Defined by Terry Eagleton as "the contemporary movement of thought which rejects ... the possibility of objective knowledge" and is therefore "skeptical of truth, unity, and progress" ["After Theory," 2003]. Related: post-modernist (1965).