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mania: mania: [14] Greek maníā meant ‘madness’. It goes back ultimately to Indo-European *mn-, *men- ‘think’, the same source as produced English mind. It reached English via late Latin mania. Of its derivatives, maniac [17] comes from late Greek maniakós, but manic [20] is an English formation. Closely related to maníā was the Greek verb maínesthai ‘be mad’; from it was derived mainás, the name for a fanatical female follower of Dionysus, which English has adopted via Latin as maenad [16].
=> maenad, manic, mind
manicure: manicure: see manual
manifest: manifest: [14] That which is manifest is etymologically ‘grasped by the hand’ – that is, ‘palpable, obvious’. The word comes via Old French from Latin manifestus. This was a later form of manufestus, a compound formed from manus ‘hand’ and *festus ‘gripped’. Manifesto [17] is a borrowing from Italian; it originally meant ‘evidence, proof’, and only gradually developed to the present-day ‘political statement’.
=> manifesto, manual
manifold: manifold: see many
manikin: manikin: see man
manipulate: manipulate: see manual
Anglomania (n.): 1787; see Anglo- + mania. Related: Anglomaniac.
arithmomania (n.): "compulsive desire to count objects and make calculations," 1890, from French arithmomanie, from Greek arithmos "number, counting, amount" (see arithmetic) + French -manie (see mania). Related: Arithmomaniac.
Beatlemania (n.): 1963; see Beatles + mania.
The social phenomenon of Beatlemania, which finds expression in handbags, balloons and other articles bearing the likeness of the loved ones, or in the hysterical screaming of young girls whenever the Beatle Quartet performs in public. ["London Times," Dec. 27, 1963]
bibliomania (n.): 1734, after French bibliomanie, from biblio- + mania.
bibliomaniac (n.): 1816; see bibliomania.
A bibliomaniac must be carefully distinguished from a bibliophile. The latter has not yet freed himself from the idea that books are meant to be read. [Walsh]
cleptomaniac (n.): Latinized variant of kleptomaniac. Related: cleptomania.
dehumanize (v.): 1818, from de- + humanize. Related: Dehumanized; dehumanizing.
dipsomania (n.): 1843, "morbid craving for alcohol," coined in medical Latin from Greek dipsa "thirst" (which is of unknown origin) + mania.
dipsomaniac (n.): "drunkard," 1858, from dipsomania; slang shortening dipso is from 1880.
egomania (n.): 1825, from ego + mania.
egomaniac (n.): 1890, from egomania. Related: Egomaniacal.
erotomania (n.): 1813, defined then as "Desperate love; sentimentalism producing morbid feelings," from comb. form of erotic + mania.
erotomaniac (n.): "one driven mad by passionate love" (sometimes also used in the sense of "nymphomaniac"), 1858, from erotomania.
Gallomania (n.): 1797, from comb. form of Gaul + -mania. Jefferson used adjective Gallomane (1787).
Germanic (adj.): 1630s, "of Germany or Germans," from Latin Germanicus, from Germani (see German (n.)). From 1773 as "of the Teutonic race;" from 1842 especially with reference to the language family that includes German, Dutch, English, etc. As a noun, the name of that language family, by 1892, replacing earlier Teutonic. Germanical is attested from 1550s.
germanium (n.): chemical element, coined 1885 in Modern Latin by its discoverer (German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler (1838-1904)) from Latin Germania "Germany" (see Germany) + chemical ending -ium.
graphomania (n.): "morbid desire for writing," 1811, from Greek graphein "to write" (see -graphy) + mania. Related: Graphomaniac.
humanism (n.): along with humanist used in a variety of philosophical and theological senses 16c.-18c., especially ones imitating Latin humanitas "education befitting a cultivated man." See human + -ism. Main modern sense in reference to revival of interest in the Classics traces to c. 1860; as a pragmatic system of thought, defined 1907 by co-founder F.C.S. Schiller as: "The perception that the philosophical problem concerns human beings striving to comprehend a world of human experience by the resources of human minds."
humanist (n.): 1580s, "student of the classical humanities," from Middle French humaniste (16c.), formed on model of Italian umanista "student of human affairs or human nature," coined by Italian poet Lodovicio Ariosto (1474-1533), from Latin humanus âhumanâ (see human; also see humanism). Philosophical sense is from 1903.
humanistic: 1845 (humanistical is from 1716), in reference to Renaissance or classical humanism; from humanist + -ic. From 1904 in reference to a modern philosophy that concerns itself with the interests of the human race.
humanitarian (n.): 1794 (n.) in the theological sense "one who affirms the humanity of Christ but denies his pre-existence and divinity," from humanity + suffix from unitarian, etc.; see humanism. Meaning "philanthropist, one who advocates or practices human action to solve social problems" is from 1842, originally disparaging, with a suggestion of excess. As an adjective, by 1834.
humanitarianism (n.): by 1794 as a Christian theological position, from humanitarian + -ism. Sense related to ethical benevolence attested by 1838.
humanities: 1702; plural of humanity, which was used in English from late 15c. in a sense "class of studies concerned with human culture" (opposed variously at different times to divinity or sciences). Latin literae humaniores, they were those branches of literature (ancient classics, rhetoric, poetry) which tended to humanize or refine.
humanity (n.): late 14c., "kindness, graciousness," from Old French humanité, umanité "human nature; humankind, life on earth; pity," from Latin humanitatem (nominative humanitas) "human nature; philanthropy, kindness; good breeding, refinement; the human race, mankind," from humanus (see human). Sense of "human nature, human form" is c. 1400; that of "human race" first recorded mid-15c.
humanize (v.): c. 1600, from human + -ize. Related: Humanized; humanizing.
hypomania (n.): 1843 (as a clinical word from 1882, from German hypomanie); see hypo- + mania. Related: Hypomaniac; hypomanic.
inhumanity (n.): late 15c., from French inhumanité (14c.) or directly from Latin inhumanitatem (nominative inhumanitas) "inhuman conduct, savageness," noun of quality from inhumanus (see inhuman).
And Man, whose heav'n-erected face
The smiles of love adorn,--
Man's inhumanity to man
Makes countless thousands mourn!
[Robert Burns, "Man was Made to Mourn," 1784]
kleptomania (n.): 1830, formed from mania + Greek kleptes "thief," from kleptein "to steal, act secretly," from PIE *klep- "to steal," an extention of root *kel- (2) "to cover, conceal" (see cell; cognate with Latin clepere "to steal, listen secretly to," Old Prussian au-klipts "hidden," Old Church Slavonic poklopu "cover, wrapping," Gothic hlifan "to steal," hliftus "thief"). Much-derided 19c. as a fancy term for old-fashioned thievery and an opportunity for the privileged to claim a psychological motive for criminal misbehavior.
There is a popular belief that some of the criminal laws under which the poor are rigorously punished are susceptible of remarkable elasticity when the peccadilloes of the rich are brought under judgment, and that there is some truth in the old adage which declares that "one man may steal a horse where another dare not look over the hedge." This unwholesome distrust is not likely to diminish if, in cases of criminal prosecutions where so-called respectable persons commit theft without sufficiently obvious motive for the act, they have their crime extenuated on the plea of kleptomania, as has recently occurred in several notable instances. ["Kleptomania," "The Lancet," Nov. 16, 1861]
kleptomaniac (n.): 1861; see kleptomania.
mania (n.): late 14c., "mental derangement characterized by excitement and delusion," from Late Latin mania "insanity, madness," from Greek mania "madness, frenzy; enthusiasm, inspired frenzy; mad passion, fury," related to mainesthai "to rage, go mad," mantis "seer," menos "passion, spirit," all from PIE *men- (1) "to think, to have one's mind aroused, rage, be furious" (see mind (n.)). Sense of "fad, craze" is 1680s, from French manie in this sense. Sometimes nativized in Middle English as manye. Used since 1500s (in imitation of Greek) as the second element in compounds expressing particular types of madness (such as nymphomania, 1775; kleptomania, 1830; megalomania, 1890).
maniac (adj.): c. 1600, "pertaining to mania; insane," from French maniaque (14c.), from Late Latin maniacus, from Greek maniakos, from mania (see mania). Borrowed at first in French form; Latinized in English from 1727. The noun is attested from 1763, from the adjective.
maniacal (adj.): 1670s, from maniac (adj.) + -al (1). Related: Maniacally.
manic (adj.): "pertaining to or affected with mania," 1902, from mania + -ic. The clinical term manic depressive also is from 1902; manic depression is first attested 1903.
Manichaean: also Manichean, 1550s (n.), 1630s (adj.), from Latin Manichaeus (see Manichaeism).
Manichaeism (n.): 1550s, "the religion of the Manichees" (late 14c.) a Gnostic Christian sect named for its founder, Mani (Latin Manichæus), c.215-275, Syriac-speaking apostle from a Jesus cult in Mesopotamia in 240s, who taught a universal religion. Vegetarian and visionary, they saw "particles of light and goodness" trapped in evil matter and regarded Satan as co-eternal with God. The universe was a scene of struggle between good and evil. The sect was characterized by dualism and a double-standard of perfectionist "elects" and a larger group of fellow travelers who would require several reincarnations before their particles of light would be liberated.
manicure (n.): 1873, "one who professionally treats hands and fingernails," from French manicure, literally "the care of the hands," from Latin manus "hand" (see manual) + cura "care" (see cure (n.1)). Meaning "treatment and care of the hands and fingernails" is attested from 1887.
manicure (v.): 1889, from manicure (n.). Related: Manicured; manicuring.
manicurist (n.): 1884, from manicure (n.) after its sense shifted + -ist.
manifest (adj.): late 14c., "clearly revealed," from Old French manifest "evident, palpable," (12c.), or directly from Latin manifestus "plainly apprehensible, clear, apparent, evident;" of offenses, "proved by direct evidence;" of offenders, "caught in the act," probably from manus "hand" (see manual) + -festus "struck" (compare second element of infest).
Other nations have tried to check ... the fulfillment of our manifest destiny to overspread the Continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions. [John O'Sullivan (1813-1895), "U.S. Magazine & Democratic Review," July 1845]
The phrase apparently is O'Sullivan's coinage; the notion is as old as the republic.
manifest (v.): late 14c., "to spread" (one's fame), "to show plainly," from manifest (adj.) or else from Latin manifestare "to discover, disclose, betray" (see manifest (adj.)). Meaning "to display by actions" is from 1560s; reflexive sense, of diseases, etc., "to reveal as in operation" is from 1808. Related: Manifested; manifesting.
manifest (n.): "ship's cargo," 1706; see manifest (adj.). Earlier, "a public declaration" (c. 1600; compare manifesto), from French manifeste, verbal noun from manifester. Earlier still in English as "a manifestation" (1560s).
manifestation (n.): early 15c., "action of manifesting; exhibition, demonstration," from Late Latin manifestationem (nominative manifestatio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin manifestare (see manifest (adj.)). Meaning "an object, action, or presence by which something is made manifest" is from 1785. The spiritualism sense is attested from 1853.
manifestly (adv.): "clearly," early 15c., from manifest (adj.) + -ly (2).
manifesto (n.): "public declaration," 1640s, from Italian manifesto "public declaration explaining past actions and announcing the motive for forthcoming ones," originally "proof," from Latin manifestus (see manifest (adj.)).