buddy (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict[buddy 词源字典]
1850, American English, possibly an alteration of brother, or from British colloquial butty "companion" (1802), itself perhaps a variant of booty in booty fellow "confederate who shares plunder" (1520s). But butty, meaning "work-mate," also was a localized dialect word in England and Wales, attested since 18c., and long associated with coal miners. Short form bud is attested from 1851. Reduplicated form buddy-buddy (adj.) attested by 1952, American English.
Lenny Kent, a long-time fave here, is really in his element. ... After four weeks here he's got everone in town saying, "Hiya, Buddy, Buddy" with a drawl simulating his. [Review of Ned Schuyler's 5 O'Clock Club, Miami Beach, Fla., "Billboard," Nov. 12, 1949]
Buddy system attested from 1920.[buddy etymology, buddy origin, 英语词源]
localize (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1792, from local + -ize. Related: Localized; localizing.
pain (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
late 13c., "punishment," especially for a crime; also "condition one feels when hurt, opposite of pleasure," from Old French peine "difficulty, woe, suffering, punishment, Hell's torments" (11c.), from Latin poena "punishment, penalty, retribution, indemnification" (in Late Latin also "torment, hardship, suffering"), from Greek poine "retribution, penalty, quit-money for spilled blood," from PIE *kwei- "to pay, atone, compensate" (see penal). The earliest sense in English survives in phrase on pain of death.

Phrase to give (someone) a pain "be annoying and irritating" is from 1908; localized as pain in the neck (1924) and pain in the ass (1934), though this last might have gone long unrecorded and be the original sense and the others euphemisms. Pains "great care taken (for some purpose)" is first recorded 1520s (in the singular in this sense, it is attested from c. 1300). First record of pain-killer is from 1853.
narrowcastyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
"Transmit a television programme, especially by cable, or otherwise disseminate information, to a comparatively localized or specialist audience", 1930s: back-formation from narrowcasting, on the pattern of broadcasting.
fibrous dysplasiayoudaoicibaDictYouDict
"Replacement of a localized area of one or more bones by fibrous tissue, probably resulting from a developmental disorder and often as part of a syndrome, and usually associated with some degree of pain together with deformity and fragility of the affected bone or bones", 1930s.