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methyl: methyl: see mead
prophylactic: prophylactic: [16] Prophylactic comes from Greek prophulaktikós, a derivative of the verb prophulássein. This meant literally ‘keep guard in front of a place’, and hence ‘take precautions against’. It was formed from the prefix pro- ‘before’ and phulássein ‘guard’.
Aeschylus: Greek Aiskhylos (525-456 B.C.E.), Athenian soldier, poet, and playwright, Father of Tragedy.
anaphylactic (adj.): 1905, with -ic + medical Latin noun anaphylaxis "exaggerated susceptibility," from French anaphylaxie (1902), from Greek ana- (see ana-) + phylaxis "watching, guarding" (compare prophylactic). Anaphylactic shock is attested by 1916.
anaphylaxis (n.): see anaphylactic.
anchylosis (n.): "stiffness of joints," 1713, from Greek ankylos "crooked" (see angle (n.)) + -osis.
chlorophyll (n.): green-colored stuff in plants, 1819, from French chlorophyle (1818), coined by French chemists Pierre-Joseph Pelletier (1788-1842) and Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (1795-1877) from Greek khloros "pale green" (see Chloe) + phyllon "a leaf" (see phyllo-).
chyle (n.): 1540s, from Late Latin chylus, from Greek khylos "juice" (of plants, animals, etc.), from stem of khein "to pour, gush forth," from PIE *ghus-mo-, from root *gheu- "to pour, pour a libation" (see found (v.2)). Compare also chyme.
ethyl (n.): 1838, from German ethyl (Liebig, 1834), from ether + -yl. Ethyl alcohol, under other names, was widely used in medicine by 13c.
ethylene (n.): poisonous, flammable gas, 1852, from ethyl + -ene, probably suggested by methylene.
hylo-: word-forming element meaning "wood, forest; matter," from Greek hylo-, from hylos "wood; matter," of unknown origin.
methyl (n.): univalent hydrocarbon radical, 1840, from German methyl (1840) or directly from French méthyle, back-formation from French méthylène (see methylene).
methylene (n.): 1835, from French méthylène (1834), coined by Jean-Baptiste-André Dumas (1800-1884) and Eugène-Melchior Péligot (1811-1890) from Greek methy "wine" (see mead (n.1)) + hyle "wood" + Greek name-forming element -ene. So called because detected in wood alcohol. "The breakdown of methylene into methyl and -ene, and the identification of the last syllable of methyl with the general suffix -ly, led to the use of meth- as a separate combining-element, as, for example, in methane, methacrylic" [Flood].
Pamphylia: ancient region in modern Turkey, from Greek, literally "place of all races," from pan "all" (see pan-) + phylon "race" (see phylo-).
phylactery (n.): late 14c., "small leathern box containing four Old Testament texts," from Old French filatiere (12c.) and directly from Medieval Latin philaterium, from Late Latin phylacterium "reliquary," from Greek phylacterion "safeguard, amulet," noun use of neuter of adjective phylakterios "serving as a protection," from phylakter "watcher, guard," from phylassein "to guard or ward off," from phylax (genitive phylakos) "guard," of unknown origin. Sometimes worn on the forehead, based on a literal reading of scripture:
Ye shall bind them [my words] for a sign upon your hands, and they shall be for frontlets between your eyes. [Deut. xi:18]
phyletic (adj.): "racial, pertaining to race," 1873, probably coined in German from Greek phyletikos "of one's tribe," from phyletes "fellow tribesman," from phyle (see phylo-).
Phyllis: fem. proper name, generic proper name for a comely rustic maiden in pastoral poetry (1630s), from Latin Phyllis, a girl's name in Virgil, Horace, etc., from Greek Phyllis, female name, literally "foliage of a tree," from phyllon leaf," from PIE *bholyo- "leaf," from root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom," possibly identical with *bhel- (2) "to blow, inflate, swell" (see bole). In English, often spelled Phillis, probably from influence of phil- "loving." Her sweetheart usually was Philander.
phyllo-: before vowels phyll-, word-forming element meaning "leaf," from Greek phyllo-, comb. form of phyllon "leaf," from PIE *bhol-yo- "leaf," suffixed form of root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom" (see folio).
phyllophagous (adj.): "leaf-eating," 1819, from phyllo- + -phagous.
phylo-: before vowels phyl-, word-forming element from comb. form of Greek phylon, phyle "a tribe," also "a political subdivision in ancient Athens," from base of phyein "to bring forth, produce, make to grow," whence also physis "nature" (see physic).
phylogenesis (n.): 1870, coined in German by Haeckel, from phylo- + -genesis "birth, origin, creation."
phylogeny (n.): "genesis and evolution of a phylum," 1869, from German Phylogenie, coined 1866 by German biologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (1834-1919) from Greek phylon "race" (see phylo-) + -geneia "origin," from -genes "born" (see genus). Related: Phylogenic.
phylum (n.): "division of the plant or animal kingdom," 1868, Modern Latin, coined by French naturalist Georges Léopole Chrétien Frédéric Dagobert, Baron Cuvier (1769-1832) from Greek phylon "race, stock," related to phyle "tribe, clan" (see physic). The immediate source of the English word probably is from German.
polyethylene (n.): polymer of ethylene, 1862, from French polyéthylène; see poly- + ethylene. Related: Polyethylenic (1860).
prophylactic (adj.): 1570s, originally of medicines, "that tends to prevent disease," from Middle French prophylactique (16c.) and directly as a Latinized borrowing of Greek prophylaktikos "precautionary," from prophylassein "keep guard before, ward off, be on one's guard," from pro- "before" (see pro-) + phylassein, Ionic variant of phylattein "to watch over, to guard," but also "cherish, keep, remain in, preserve" (see phylactery).

The noun is first recorded 1640s, "a medicine or treatment to prevent disease;" meaning "condom" is from 1943, replacing earlier preventive (1822), preventative (1901). Condoms originally were used more to thwart contagious disease than to prevent pregnancy.
prophylaxis (n.): "preventive treatment of disease," 1746, Modern Latin, from Greek pro (see pro-) + phylaxis "a watching, guarding" (see prophylactic).
Shylock (n.): "usurer, merciless creditor," 1786, from Jewish money-lender character in Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" (c. 1596).
staphylococcus (n.): (plural staphylococci), 1887, Modern Latin, the genus name, coined (on model of streptococcus) in 1882 by Scottish surgeon and bacteriologist Alexander Ogston (1844-1929). The first element is from comb. form of Greek staphyle "bunch of grapes," which possibly is from PIE *stabh-, variant of *stebh- "post, stem; to support" (see staff (n.)). The second element is Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos "berry, grain" (see cocco-). So called because the bacteria usually bunch together in irregular masses.
mesophyll: "The inner tissue (parenchyma) of a leaf, containing many chloroplasts", Mid 19th century: from meso- 'middle' + Greek phullon 'leaf'.
xanthophyll: "A yellow or brown carotenoid plant pigment which causes the autumn colours of leaves", Mid 19th century: from Greek xanthos 'yellow' + phullon 'leaf'.
hylic: "Of matter; material", Mid 19th century: via late Latin from Greek hulikos, from hulē 'matter'.
methylal: "Dimethoxymethane, (CH3O)2CH2, a colourless, volatile, pungent liquid, used as a solvent and formerly as an anaesthetic", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Robert Thomson (1810–1864), medical officer of health. From French méthylal or German Methylal, shortened from German Formomethylal from formo- (formo-) + methyl- (in Methylen) + -al (in Acetal).
phylarch: "Chiefly Ancient Greek History . In ancient Greece: the ruler or leader of a phyle. Also more generally: a tribal or clan chief", Mid 16th cent.; earliest use found in Ralph Robinson (1520–1577), translator. From classical Latin phȳlarchus leader or chief of a tribe, chief official of a Greek phyle from ancient Greek ϕύλαρχος chief official of a phyle, (in Attica) commander of the cavalry of a phyle from ϕυλή tribe + -αρχος.
ethylamine: "A volatile, basic liquid with a pungent odour, usually made by the reaction of ethanol and ammonia and used in chemical synthesis", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in The Chemical Gazette. From ethyl + amine, after French éthylamine.
phylogenetics: "The branch of biology that deals with phylogeny, especially with the deduction of the historical relationships between groups of organisms", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in American Naturalist. From phylogenetic: see -ic.
phylloid: "Resembling a leaf; having parts resembling leaves", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Robert Mayne (1808–1868). From ancient Greek ϕύλλον leaf + -oid, after post-classical Latin phylloideus.
polyphyllous: "Of a perianth, calyx, corolla, etc.: having or consisting of many separate members; not united. Opposed to monophyllous, gamophyllous. Compare polypetalous, polysepalous. Now chiefly historical", Late 18th cent.; earliest use found in Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), botanist. From poly- + -phyllous, probably after scientific Latin polyphyllus in plant names.
monophyllous: "Of a plant: having a single leaf or leaflet. Also (of a tree's canopy): consisting of a single layer of leaves. Now rare", Mid 18th cent.; earliest use found in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. From mono- + -phyllous.
thylakoid: "Each of a number of flattened sacs inside a chloroplast, bounded by pigmented membranes on which the light reactions of photosynthesis take place, and arranged in stacks or grana", 1960s: from German Thylakoid, from Greek thulakoidēs 'pouch-like', from thulakos 'pouch'.
phyllophorous: "Bearing leaves or leaflike structures; Zoology (of a bat) having a leaflike appendage on the snout", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in John Hull (1764–1843), physician and botanist.
thylacine: "A doglike carnivorous marsupial with stripes across the rump, found only in Tasmania. There have been no confirmed sightings since one was captured in 1933, and it is probably now extinct", Mid 19th century: from modern Latin Thylacinus (genus name), from Greek thulakos 'pouch'.
platyphyllous: "Broad-leaved", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Joseph Thomas (1811–1891).
phylloxanthin: "= xanthophyll", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Robert Mayne (1808–1868).
phacoanaphylaxis: "Hypersensitivity to proteins released from the lens of the eye; inflammation of the eye (endophthalmitis or uveitis) caused by this", 1940s; earliest use found in American Journal of Ophthalmology. From phaco- + anaphylaxis, after phacoanaphylactic.
methylamine: "Each of the three compounds that can be formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia with a methyl group or groups; especially CH3NH2 (monomethylamine), a colourless, flammable gas with a fishy or ammonia-like odour", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. From French méthylamine from methyl + amine.
phacoanaphylactic: "Caused by, involving, or relating to hypersensitivity to lens proteins", 1920s. From phaco- + anaphylactic, after scientific Latin phacoanaphylacticus.
protophyll: "In a clubmoss: a primitive leaf-like structure produced on the upper surface of the protocorm or tuber", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Frederic Bower (1855–1948), botanist. From proto- + -phyll.