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tender [tender 词源字典]: tender: English has two distinct words tender, both of which go back ultimately to the Indo- European base *ten- ‘stretch’. The adjective, ‘delicate, fragile’ [13], comes via Old French tendre from Latin tener ‘delicate’, a descendant of *ten- and source also of English tendril [16] (etymologically a ‘tender’ shoot). The verb, ‘offer’ [16], comes from another Old French tendre, which went back to Latin tendere ‘stretch, hold out’ (source of English tend, tendency, etc).
=> tenant, tend, tendril[tender etymology, tender origin, 英语词源]
exhibit (v.): "offer or present to view," mid-15c., from Latin exhibitus, past participle of exhibere "to hold out, display, show, present, deliver" (see exhibition). Related: Exhibited; exhibiting.
exhibition (n.): early 14c., "action of displaying," from Old French exhibicion, exibicion "show, exhibition, display," from Late Latin exhibitionem (nominative exhibitio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin exhibere "to show, display, present," literally "hold out, hold forth," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + habere "to hold" (see habit (n.)). Also from early 15c. as "sustenance, food, source of support." Meaning "that which is exhibited" is from 1786.
hold (v.): Old English haldan (Anglian), healdan (West Saxon), "to contain, grasp; retain; foster, cherish," class VII strong verb (past tense heold, past participle healden), from Proto-Germanic *haldan (cognates: Old Saxon haldan, Old Frisian halda, Old Norse halda, Dutch houden, German halten "to hold," Gothic haldan "to tend"), originally "to keep, tend, watch over" (as cattle), later "to have." Ancestral sense is preserved in behold. The original past participle holden was replaced by held beginning 16c., but survives in some legal jargon and in beholden.

Hold back is 1530s, transitive; 1570s, intransitive; hold off is early 15c., transitive; c. 1600, intransitive; hold out is 1520s as "to stretch forth," 1580s as "to resist pressure." Hold on is early 13c. as "to maintain one's course," 1830 as "to keep one's grip on something," 1846 as an order to wait or stop. To hold (one's) tongue "be silent" is from c. 1300. To hold (one's) own is from early 14c. To hold (someone's) hand "give moral support" is from 1935. Phrase hold your horses "be patient" is from 1844. To have and to hold have been paired alliteratively since at least c. 1200, originally of marriage but also of real estate.
hold-out (n.): one who abstains or refrains when others do not, by 1911, from verbal expression hold out; see hold (v.) + out. Earlier as the name of a card-sharper's device (1893).
obdurate (adj.): mid-15c., "stubborn; hardened," from Latin obduratus "hardened," past participle of obdurare "be hard, hold out, persist, endure," from ob "against" (see ob-) + durare "harden, render hard," from durus "hard" (see endure). Related: Obdurately.
outstanding (adj.): 1610s, "projecting, prominent, detached," present participle adjective from outstand (v.) "endure successfully, hold out against," from out (adv.) + stand (v.). Figurative sense of "conspicuous, striking" is first recorded 1830. Meaning "unpaid, unsettled" is from 1797. Related: Outstandingly.
permanent (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French permanent (14c.) or directly from Latin permanentem (nominative permanens) "remaining," present participle of permanere "endure, hold out, continue, stay to the end," from per- "through" (see per) + manere "stay" (see mansion). As a noun meaning "permanent wave," by 1909. Of clothing, permanent press attested from 1964.
remain (v.): early 15c., from Anglo-French remayn-, Old French remain-, stressed stem of remanoir "stay, dwell, remain; be left; hold out," from Latin remanere "to remain, to stay behind; be left behind; endure, abide, last" (source also of Spanish remaner, Italian rimanere), from re- "back" (see re-) + manere "to stay, remain" (see mansion). Related: Remained; remaining.
resist (v.): late 14c., from Old French resister "hold out against" (14c.), from Latin resistere "to make a stand against, oppose; to stand back; withstand," from re- "against" (see re-) + sistere "take a stand, stand firm" (see assist). Related: Resisted; resisting.
subsist (v.): 1540s, "to exist;" c. 1600, "retain the existing state," from Middle French subsister and directly from Latin subsistere "to stand still or firm, take a stand, take position; abide, hold out," from sub "under, up to" (see sub-) + sistere "to assume a standing position, stand still, remain; set, place, cause to stand still" (see assist (v.)). Meaning "to support oneself" (in a certain way) is from 1640s. Related: Subsisted; subsisting.
sustentation (n.): late 14c., from Anglo-French, Old French sustentacion, sostentacion "sustaining of life," from Latin sustentationem (nominative sustentatio) "maintenance," noun of action from past participle stem of sustentare "hold upright, hold up; feed, nourish, support; hold out, endure, suffer," frequentative of sustinere (see sustain).
protend: "To cause to project; to put forth, stretch forth; to thrust forward. Also figurative . Now rare", Late 15th cent.; earliest use found in Higden's Polychronicon. Partly from Anglo-Norman and Middle French protendre to extend, and partly from classical Latin prōtendere to stretch forth, extend, to hold out, to prolong, lengthen, in post-classical Latin also to portend (804, subsequently from 1250 in British sources) from prō- + tendere.