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agglutinate: agglutinate: see glue
glucose: glucose: see glycerine
glue: glue: [14] Glue is an ancient word, whose ancestry can be traced back all the way to Indo- European *gloi-, *glei-, *gli- ‘stick’. Its Latin descendant was glūten, from which English gets gluten [16], glutinous [16], and agglutinate [16]. In post-classical times this spawned a new form, glūs, which English acquired via Old French glu as glue.
=> agglutinate, gluten, glutinous
glutton: glutton: [13] Indo-European *gel- produced a wide range of descendants in the general semantic area ‘swallow’, among them Latin gula ‘throat’ and its offspring French gueule ‘mouth’ and English gullet; German kehle ‘throat’; and Latin gluttīre ‘swallow’, which was probably the ultimate source of English glut [14]. Another was Latin gluttō ‘overeater’, which English acquired via Old French gluton.
=> glut, gullet
agglutinate (v.): 1580s (from 1540s as a past participle adjective), from Latin agglutinatus, past participle of agglutinare (see agglutination). Related: Agglutinated; agglutinating.
agglutination (n.): 1540s, from Latin agglutinationem (nominative agglutinatio), noun of action from past participle stem of agglutinare "fasten with glue," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + glutinare "to glue," from gluten "glue," from PIE *glei- (see glue (n.)). Philological sense first recorded 1650s, in agglutinative.
agglutinative (adj.): 1630s, in a medical sense, from Latin agglutinat-, past participle stem of agglutinare (see agglutination). Philological sense is from 1650s.
deglutition (n.): from French déglutition (16c.), from Latin deglutitionem, noun of action from past participle stem of deglutare, from de- (see de-) + glutire "to swallow," from PIE *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see glut (v.)).
glucagon (n.): 1923, from gluco- + Greek agon, present participle of agein "to lead" (see act (n.)).
gluco-: before vowels, gluc-, word-forming element used since c. 1880s, a later form of glyco-, from Greek glykys "sweet," figuratively "delightful; dear; simple, silly," from *glku-, dissimilated in Greek from PIE root *dlk-u- "sweet" (source also of Latin dulcis). Now usually with reference to glucose.
glucose (n.): name of a group of sugars (in commercial use, "sugar-syrup from starch"), 1840, from French glucose (1838), said to have been coined by French professor Eugène Melchior Péligot (1811-1890) from Greek gleukos "must, sweet wine," related to glykys "sweet" (see gluco-). It first was obtained from grape sugar. Related: Glucosic.
glue (n.): "viscous adhesive substance," early 13c., from Old French glu "glue, birdlime" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *glutis or Late Latin glutem (nominative glus) "glue," from Latin gluten "glue, beeswax," from PIE *gleit- "to glue, paste" (cognates: Lithuanian glitus "sticky," glitas "mucus;" Old English cliða "plaster"), from root *glei- "to stick together" (see clay). Formerly also glew. In reference to glue from boiled animal hoofs and hides, c. 1400. Glue-sniffing attested from 1963.
glue (v.): "join or fasten with glue," late 14c., from Old French gluer, gluier "smear with glue; join together," from glu "glue, birdlime" (see glue (n.)). Related: Glued; gluing.
glue-pot (n.): late 15c., from glue (n.) + pot (n.1). Typically a double pot, one within the other, the inner one for the glue, the outer for the hot water.
gluey (adj.): late 14c., from glue (n.) + -y (2).
glug (n.): 1768, imitative of the sound of swallowing a drink, etc. From 1895 as a verb. Compare Middle English glub "to swallow greedily."
glum (adj.): 1540s, "sullen, moody, frowning," from Middle English gloumen (v.) "become dark" (c. 1300), later gloumben "look gloomy or sullen" (late 14c.); see gloom. Or from or influenced by Low German glum "gloomy, troubled, turbid." In English the word was also formerly a noun meaning "a sullen look" (1520s). An 18c. extended or colloquial form glump led to the expression the glumps "a fit of sulkiness." Glunch (1719) was a Scottish variant. Related: Glumly; glumness.
glut (v.): early 14c., glotien "to feed to repletion" (transitive), probably from Old French glotir "to swallow, gulp down, engulf," from Latin glutire/gluttire "to swallow, gulp down," from PIE root *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see gullet). Intransitive sense "feed (oneself) to repletion" is from c. 1400. Related: Glutted; glutting.
glut (n.): 1530s, "a gulp, a swallowing," from glut (v.). Meaning "condition of being full or sated" is 1570s; mercantile sense "superabundance, oversupply of a commodity on the market" first recorded 1590s.
glutamate (n.): salt of glutamic acid, 1876, from glutamic acid (see gluten) + -ate (3).
gluteal (adj.): also glutaeal, by 1804, from gluteus + -al (1).
gluten (n.): 1630s, "a sticky substance," from Middle French gluten "sticky substance" (16c.) or directly from Latin gluten (glutin-) "glue" (see glue (n.)). Used 16c.-19c. for the part of animal tissue now called fibrin; used since 1803 of the nitrogenous part of the flour of wheat or other grain; hence glutamic acid (1871), a common amino acid, and its salt, glutamate.
gluteus (n.): buttocks muscle, 1680s, from Modern Latin glutaeus, from Greek gloutos "the rump," in plural, "the buttocks."
glutin (n.): 1825, from French glutine, probably from Latin gluten "glue" (see gluten) + chemical suffix -ine (2). Used in chemistry in several senses before settling on "gelatin prepared from animal hides, hoofs, etc." (1845).
glutinous (adj.): "viscous, sticky, of the nature of glue," early 15c., from Latin glutinosus "gluey, viscous, tenacious," from gluten (genitive glutinis) "glue" (see glue (n.)). Glutinosity is from c. 1400. Related: Glutinousness.
glutton (n.): "one who eats and drinks to excess," early 13c., from Old French gloton "glutton;" also "scoundrel," a general term of abuse (Modern French glouton), from Latin gluttonem (nominative glutto) "overeater," formed from gluttire "to swallow," from gula "throat," from PIE *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see glut (v.)). General sense in reference to one who indulges in anything to excess is from 1704. Glutton for punishment is from pugilism; the phrase is from 1854, but the idea is older:
Thus, Theocritus, in his Milling-match, calls Amycus "a glutton," which is well known to be the classical phrase at Moulsey-Hurst, for one who, like Amycus, takes a deal of punishment before he is satisfied. [Tom Moore, "Tom Crib's Memorial to Congress," 1819]
gluttonous (adj.): mid-14c.; see glutton + -ous. Related: Gluttonously.
gluttony (n.): "extravagant indulgence of appetite," c. 1200, glutunie, from Old French glotonie "debauchery, gluttony," from gloton "glutton" (see glutton). Gluttonry recorded from late 12c.
unglue (v.): 1540s, from un- (2) "opposite of" + glue (v.). Related: Unglued; ungluing. Unglued in figurative sense is recorded from 1922.
agglutinant: "That causes agglutination; that glues, binds, or unites; agglutinative; agglutinating", Late 17th cent.; earliest use found in Bonet's Guide to the Practical Physician. From classical Latin agglūtinant-, agglūtināns, present participle of agglūtināre agglutinate.
agglutinable: "Able to undergo agglutination; involved in or responsible for agglutination", Late 19th cent. From agglutin- + -able, perhaps after French agglutinable.
glutamine: "A hydrophilic amino acid which is a constituent of most proteins", Late 19th century: blend of glutamic acid and amine.
glutamic acid: "An acidic amino acid which is a constituent of many proteins", Late 19th century: from gluten + amine + -ic.