英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

aegis [aegis 词源字典]: aegis: [18] The notion of ‘protection’ contained in this word goes back to classical mythology, in which one of the functions or attributes of the Greek god Zeus (and later of Roman Jupiter or Minerva) was the giving of protection. This was usually represented visually as a shield, traditionally held to be made of goatskin – hence Greek aigís, the name of the shield, came to be associated in the popular imagination with aix (aig- in its stem form), the Greek word for ‘goat’. English borrowed the word directly from Latin.
[aegis etymology, aegis origin, 英语词源]
gist: gist: [18] Cest action gist, literally ‘this action lies’, was an Old French expression denoting that a case was sustainable in law and could be proceeded with. English took over gist, which was the third person singular of the verb gésir ‘lie’, as a legal term meaning ‘grounds for action in a suit’. The more general modern meaning, ‘central point’, developed in the 19th century.
haggis: haggis: [15] Improbable as it may seem, the leading candidate for the source of the word haggis is Old French agace ‘magpie’. Corroborative evidence for this, circumstantial but powerful, is the word pie, which also originally meant ‘magpie’ (modern English magpie comes from it) but was apparently applied to a ‘baked pastry case with a filling’ from the notion that the collection of edible odds and ends a pie contained was similar to the collection of trinkets assembled by the acquisitive magpie.

On this view, the miscellaneous assortment of sheep’s entrails and other ingredients in a haggis represents the magpie’s hoard. An alternative possibility, however, is that the word comes from the northern Middle English verb haggen ‘chop’, a borrowing from Old Norse related ultimately to English hew.
magistrate: magistrate: [14] By far the most widely used contributions of Latin magister ‘master’ to English are the heavily disguised master and mister, but more obvious derivatives have made the trip too. The late Latin adjective magisterius ‘of a master’, modified through medieval Latin magisteriālis, has given us magisterial [17]; and magistrātus, source of English magistrate, denoted a ‘state official’ in ancient Rome.
=> master, mister
register: register: [14] Register comes via Old French registre from late Latin regestum ‘list’. This was a noun use of the past participle of regerere ‘bring back’, hence ‘set down, record’, a compound verb formed from the prefix re- ‘back, again’ and gerere ‘bring, carry’ (source also of English congest, digest, gesture, jester, suggest, etc).
=> congest, digest, gesture, jester, suggest
syllogism: syllogism: [14] A syllogism is etymologically something ‘reasoned together’, hence ‘inferred’. The word comes via Old French sillogisme and Latin syllogismus from Greek sullogismós, a derivative of sullogīzesthai ‘reason together, infer’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix sun- ‘together’ and logízesthai ‘reason, reckon, compute’, a derivative of lógos ‘word, discourse, computation’ (source of English logarithm, logic, etc).
=> logarithm, logic
aegis (n.): "protection," 1793, from Latin aegis, from Greek Aigis, the name of the shield of Zeus, said by Herodotus to be related to aix (genitive aigos) "goat," from PIE *aig- "goat" (cognates: Sanskrit ajah, Lithuanian ozys "he-goat"), as the shield was of goatskin. Athene's aigis was a short goat-skin cloak, covered with scales, set with a gorgon's head, and fringed with snakes. The exact use and purpose of it is not now clear.
The goatskin would be worn with the two forelegs tied in front of the wearer's breast, or possibly with the head passed through an opening made at the neck, by the removal of the animal's head. [F. Warre Cornish, ed., "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," London, 1898]
agism (n.): alternative spelling of ageism.
anaesthesiologist (n.): 1943, American English, from anaesthesiology + -ist.
anesthesiologist (n.): alternative spelling of anaesthesiologist (q.v.). See ae.
anthropologist (n.): 1798, from anthropology + -ist.
apologise (v.): chiefly British English spelling of apologize; for suffix, see -ize. Related: Apologised; apologising.
apologist (n.): 1630s, from French apologiste, from apologie (see apology).
arachnologist (n.): student of spiders, 1806; see arachnid + -ology. Related: Arachnology.
archaeologist (n.): 1824; see archaeology + -ist.
archeologist (n.): alternative spelling of archaeologist. Also see ae.
biologist (n.): 1813, from biology + -ist. Earliest use is in reference to human life. In modern scientific sense, by 1874.
climatologist (n.): 1844, from climatology + -ist.
cosmetologist (n.): 1926, American English, from cosmetology + -ist. Won out over cosmetician.
dephlogisticate (v.): 1775; see de- + phlogiston. Related: Dephlogisticated; dephlogisticating.
dermatologist (n.): 1833; see dermatology + -ist.
druggist (n.): 1610s, from French droguiste, from droge (see drug (n.)). Earlier drugger (1590s).
ecologist (n.): 1893, see ecology + -ist.
entomologist (n.): 1771; see entomology + -ist.
escapologist (n.): performer who specializes in getting out of confinement, 1926; see escape + -ologist. Related: Escapology.
etymologist (n.): 1630s; see etymology + -ist. Also etymologer (1640s).
eulogist (n.): 1758; see eulogy + -ist. Related: Eulogistic.
Falangist (n.): 1937, member of the Falange, the fascist party in Spain (founded 1933), from Spanish Falange (Española) "(Spanish) Phalanx," from Latin phalanx (genitive phalangis); see phalanx.
gemmologist (n.): 1931, from gemmology (1811), from Latin gemma (see gem) + -ology.
genealogist (n.): c. 1600, from genealogy + -ist. A verb genealogize also is recorded from c. 1600.
geologist (n.): 1795, from geology + -ist. Alternatives are geologer (1822); geologian (1837).
gerontologist (n.): 1941, from gerontology + -ist.
gist (n.): 1711, "the real point" (of a law case, etc.), from Anglo-French legalese phrases such as cest action gist "this action lies," from Old French gist en "it consists in, it lies in," from gist (Modern French gît), third person singular present indicative of gésir "to lie," from Latin iacet "it lies," from iacere "to lie, rest," related to iacere "to throw" (see jet (v.)). Extended sense of "essence" first recorded 1823.
gynecologist (n.): also gynaecologist, 1851, from gynecology + -ist.
haggis (n.): dish of chopped entrails, c. 1400, now chiefly Scottish, but it was common throughout England to c. 1700, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old French hacheiz "minced meat," from agace "magpie," on analogy of the odds and ends the bird collects. The other theory [Klein, Watkins, Middle English Dictionary] traces it to Old English haggen "to chop," or directly from Old Norse höggva "to hew, cut, strike, smite" (see hack (v.1)).
hoggish (adj.): "gluttonous," late 15c., from hog (n.) + -ish. Related: Hoggishly; hoggishness.
imagism (n.): name of a movement in poetry that sought clarity of expression through use of precise visual images, "hard light, clear edges," coined 1912 by Ezra Pound; see image + -ism. Related: Imagist.
legislate (v.): 1805, back-formation from legislation, etc. Related: Legislated; legislating.
legislation (n.): 1650s, from French législation, from Late Latin legislationem (nominative legislatio), properly two words, legis latio, "proposing (literally 'bearing') of a law;" see legislator.
legislative (adj.): 1640s; from legislator + -ive. Related: Legislatively.
legislator (n.): c. 1600, from Latin legis lator "proposer of a law," from legis, genitive of lex "law" + lator "proposer," agent noun of latus "borne, brought, carried" (see oblate (n.)), used as past tense of ferre "to carry" (see infer). Fem. form legislatrix is from 1670s.
legislature (n.): 1670s; see legislator + -ure.
logistic (adj.): "pertaining to logic," 1620s, from Medieval Latin logisticus, from Greek logistikos "endued with reason," from logikos (see logic). Related: Logistical (1560s); logistically. Logistics from this word, in the sense "art of arithmetical calculation" is from 1650s.
logistics (n.): "art of moving, quartering, and supplying troops," 1879, from French (l'art) logistique "(art) of quartering troops," from Middle French logis "lodging," from Old French logeiz "shelter for an army, encampment," from loge (see lodge (n.)) + Greek-derived suffix -istique (see -istic). The form in French was influenced by logistique. Related: Logistical.
longish (adj.): 1610s, from long (adj.) + -ish.
magisterial (adj.): 1630s, from Medieval Latin magisterialis "of or pertaining to the office of magistrate, director, or teacher," from Late Latin magisterius "having authority of a magistrate," from magister "chief, director" (see master (n.)). Related: Magisterially.
magistral (adj.): 1570s, from Latin magistralis "of a master," from magister "chief, director" (see master (n.)).
magistrate (n.): late 14c., "civil officer in charge of administering laws," from Old French magistrat, from Latin magistratus "a magistrate, public functionary," originally "magisterial rank or office," from magistrare "serve as a magistrate," from magister "chief, director" (see master). Related: Magistracy.
meteorologist (n.): 1620s, from meteorology + -ist. Earlier was meteorologician (1570s). Greek meteorologos meant "one who deals with celestial phenomena, astronomer."
microbiologist (n.): 1882, from microbiology + -ist.