英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

gastric [gastric 词源字典]: gastric: [17] Grek gastér meant ‘stomach’ (it was related to Greek gráō ‘gnaw, eat’ and Sanskrit gras- ‘devour’). It was used as the basis of the modern Latin adjective gastricus ‘of the stomach’, which English acquired via French gastrique. Derivatives include gastronomy ‘culinary connoisseurship’ [19], originally a French coinage, and gastropod ‘mollusc’ [19], literally ‘stomach-foot’ (from the ventral disc used by molluscs as a ‘foot’).
[gastric etymology, gastric origin, 英语词源]
epigastrium (n.): 1680s, Modern Latin, from Greek epigastrion "region of the abdomen from the breasts to the navel," neuter of epigastrios "over the belly," from epi "on, above" (see epi-) + gaster "stomach" (see gastric). The region below the navel is the hypogastrium.
gastric (adj.): 1650s, from Modern Latin gastricus, from Greek gaster (genitive gastros) "stomach, paunch, belly," often figurative of gluttony or greed, also "womb, uterus; sausage," by dissimilation from *graster, literally "eater, devourer," from gran "to gnaw, eat," from PIE root *gras- "to devour" (cognates: Greek grastis "green fodder," Latin gramen "fodder, grass," Old English cærse "cress").
gastro-: also gastero-, scientific word-forming element meaning "stomach," before vowels gastr-, from Greek gastro-, comb. form of gaster (genitive gastros) "belly, paunch; womb" (see gastric). Also used in compounds in ancient Greek, as gastrobarys "heavy with child."
gastrocnemius (n.): 1670s, from Latinized form of Greek gastroknemia "calf of the leg," from gaster "belly" (see gastric) + kneme "calf of the leg," from PIE *kone-mo- "shin, leg-bone" (see ham (n.1)). So called for its form (the "protuberant" part of the calf of the leg). Related: Gastrocnemical.
gastronomy (n.): 1814, from French gastronomie, coined 1800 by Joseph de Berchoux (1762-1838) as title of poem on good living, after Gastrologia, title of a now-lost poem of antiquity, quoted by Athenaeus (see gastrology). Berchoux's word is from gaster + nomos "arranging, regulating" (from nemein "manage;" see numismatic). Related: Gastronomer.
gastropod (n.): 1826, gasteropod (spelling without -e- by 1854), from Modern Latin Gasteropoda, name of a class of mollusks, from Greek gaster (genitive gastros) "stomach" (see gastric) + pous (genitive podos) "foot," from PIE root *ped- (1) "a foot" (see foot (n.)). From the ventral position of the mollusk's "foot."
gastrula (n.): 1874, a Modern Latin coinage (Haeckel), from Latin gaster, from Greek gaster (genitive gastros) "stomach" (see gastric) + Latin -ula, diminutive suffix. Related: Gastrular; gastrulation.
hog (n.): late 12c. (implied in hogaster), "swine reared for slaughter" (usually about a year old), also used by stockmen for "young sheep" (mid-14c.) and for "horse older than one year," suggesting the original sense had something to do with an age, not a type of animal. Not evidenced in Old English, but it may have existed. Possibility of British Celtic origin [Watkins, etc.] is regarded by OED as "improbable." Figurative sense of "gluttonous person" is first recorded early 15c. Meaning "Harley-Davidson motorcycle" is attested from 1967.

To go hog wild is from 1904. Hog in armor "awkward or clumsy person in ill-fitting attire" is from 1650s. Phrase to go the whole hog (1828) is sometimes said to be from the butcher shop option of buying the whole slaughtered animal (at a discount) rather than just the choice bits. But it is perhaps rather from the story (recorded in English from 1779) of Muslim sophists, forbidden by the Quran from eating a certain unnamed part of the hog, who debated which part was intended and managed to exempt the whole of it from the prohibition. Road hog is attested from 1886.
theologian (n.): late 15c., from Old French theologien (14c.), from theologie; see theology. A petty or paltry theologist is a theologaster (1620s), used in Medieval Latin by Martin Luther (1518).
waste (v.): c. 1200, "devastate, ravage, ruin," from Anglo-French and Old North French waster "to waste, squander, spoil, ruin" (Old French gaster; Modern French gâter), altered (by influence of Frankish *wostjan) from Latin vastare "lay waste," from vastus "empty, desolate, waste" (see vain). Related: wasted; wasting.

The Germanic word also existed in Old English as westan "to lay waste, ravage." Spanish gastar, Italian guastare also are from Germanic. Meaning "to lose strength or health; pine; weaken" is attested from c. 1300; the sense of "squander, spend or consume uselessly" is first recorded mid-14c.; meaning "to kill" is from 1964. Waste not, want not attested from 1778.
mesogastrium: "The middle region of the abdomen between the epigastrium and the hypogastrium", Mid 19th century: modern Latin, from meso- 'middle' + Greek gastēr, gastr- 'stomach'.
hypogastrium: "The part of the central abdomen which is situated below the region of the stomach", Late 17th century: modern Latin, from Greek hupogastrion, from hupo 'under' + gastēr 'belly'.