scaffolding (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict[scaffolding 词源字典]
"temporary support," mid-14c.; see scaffold.[scaffolding etymology, scaffolding origin, 英语词源]
manifoldingyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
"The production of multiple copies of a document, etc., especially mechanically", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in The Daily News.