英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

boxer: boxer: [15] Boxer is a much travelled word. In its original sense ‘fighter’ it comes of course from the verb box, the origins of which remain mysterious. German borrowed the name for a new breed of dog, a sort of elongated, more elegant version of a bulldog – presumably either in tribute to its supposed pugnaciousness or because its flattened nose looked like that of an unsuccessful boxer.

Then in the 1930s English acquired this new application back from German. The use of ‘Boxer’ for the Chinese rebels around the turn of the 20th century who attempted to drive out all foreigners is based on their Chinese name, yi hé quán, literally ‘righteous harmonious fists’.
carat: carat: [16] The carat gets its name from the use of carob beans as standard weights for measuring the heaviness of small quantities. The Greek name for the elongated seed pod of the carob tree was kerátion, a derivative of kéras ‘horn’ (related to English horn). This passed into Arabic as qīrāt, where it became formalized in a system of weights and measures as ‘four grains’. It passed into English via Italian carato and French carat.
=> horn
ocarina: ocarina: [19] The ocarina, a primitive sort of musical instrument played by blowing, gets its name from a supposed resemblance to a goose (it is shaped like an elongated egg, with a neck-like mouthpiece). Italian ocarina means literally ‘little goose’. It is a diminutive form of oca ‘goose’, which in turn goes back to Latin auca, a derivative of avis ‘bird’.
=> aviary
elongate (v.): "to make long or longer," 1530s, from Late Latin elongatus, past participle of elongare "to prolong, protract" (see elongation). Earlier in the same sense was elongen (mid-15c.). Related: Elongated; elongating.
marlin (n.): large marine game-fish, 1917, shortening of marlinspike fish (1907), from marlinspike, name of a pointed iron tool used by sailors (see marlinspike). The fish was so called from the shape of its elongated upper jaw.
swordfish (n.): late 15c., swerdfysche (in a recipe), from sword + fish (n.). So called for its elongated upper jaw.
myriapod: "An arthropod of a group that includes the centipedes, millipedes, and related animals. Myriapods have elongated bodies with numerous leg-bearing segments", Early 19th century: from modern Latin Myriapoda, from Greek murias (see myriad) + pous, pod- 'foot'.
prosenchyma: "A plant tissue consisting of elongated cells with interpenetrating tapering ends, occurring especially in vascular tissue", Mid 19th century: from Greek pros 'towards' + enkhuma 'infusion', on the pattern of parenchyma.
crus: "An elongated part of an anatomical structure, especially one which occurs in the body as a pair", Early 18th century: from Latin, 'leg'.
medulla oblongata: "The continuation of the spinal cord within the skull, forming the lowest part of the brainstem and containing control centres for the heart and lungs", Late 17th century: modern Latin, literally 'elongated medulla'.
carpophore: "(In a flower) an elongated axis that raises the stem of the pistil above the stamens", Late 19th century: from Greek karpos 'fruit' + -phore.