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electro-[electro- 词源字典]: before vowels electr-, word-forming element meaning "electrical, electricity," Latinized form of Greek elektro-, comb. form of elektron "amber" (see electric). As a stand-alone, formerly often short for electrotype, electroplate. [electro- etymology, electro- origin, 英语词源]
electrocardiogram (n.): 1904, from electro- + cardiogram.
electrocute (v.): "execute by electricity," 1889, American English, from electro- + back half of execute. The method first was used Aug. 6, 1890, in New York state, on William Kemmler, convicted of the murder of his common-law wife. In reference to accidental death by 1909. Electric chair is also first recorded 1889, the year the one used on Kemmler was introduced in New York as a humane alternative to hanging. Related: Electrocuted; electrocuting.
electrocution (n.): "execution by electricity," 1889, American English; noun of action from electrocute. Meaning "any death by electricity" is from 1897.
Electrocution, unless better performed than in the first instance, is a retrograde step rather than the contrary. The preliminary arrangements: the shaving of the head, the cutting of the clothing, the strapping in a chair, add much to the horror of the occasion. It is safe to say that electrocution is not the coming method of execution. ["The Medical Era," vol. vii, no. 9, Sept. 1890]
electrode (n.): "one of the two ends of an open electrical circuit," 1834, coined by English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) from electro- + Greek hodos "way" (see cede) on the same pattern as anode, cathode.
electroencephalogram (n.): 1934, from electro- + encephalo-, comb. form of Modern Latin encephalon "brain" (see encephalitis) + -gram.
electrolysis (n.): 1834; the name was introduced by Faraday on the suggestion of the Rev. William Whewell (1794-1866), English polymath, from electro- + Greek lysis "a loosening," from lyein "to loosen, set free" (see lose). Originally of tumors, later (1879) of hair removal. Related: electrolytic.
electrolyte (n.): "substance decomposed by electrolysis," 1834, from electro- + Greek lytos "loosed," from lyein "to loose" (see lose).
electromagnet (n.): also electro-magnet, "magnet which owes its magnetic properties to electric current," 1822; see electro- + magnet.
electromagnetic (adj.): also electro-magnetic, 1821; see electro- + magnetic.
electromagnetism (n.): also electro-magnetism, 1821; see electro- + magnetism.
electron (n.): coined 1891 by Irish physicist George J. Stoney (1826-1911) from electric + -on, as in ion (q.v.). Electron microscope (1932) translates German Elektronenmikroskop.
electronic (adj.): 1901, "pertaining to electrons;" see electron + -ic; 1930 as "pertaining to electronics." Related: Electronically.
electronic mail (n.): 1977; see e-mail.
electronics (n.): 1910, from electronic; also see -ics. The science of how electrons behave in vacuums, gas, semi-conductors, etc.
electroplate (n.): 1844, from electro- + plate (n.).
electrotype (n.): "copy in metal made by electric action," 1840, from electro- + type (n.).
microelectronics (n.): 1960, from micro- + electronics.
electrostatic: "Relating to stationary electric charges or fields as opposed to electric currents", Mid 19th century: from electro- + static, on the pattern of hydrostatic.
electrophorus: "A device for repeatedly generating static electricity by induction", Late 18th century: from electro- + Greek -phoros 'bearing'.
electroplexy: "Electroconvulsive therapy", 1950s: from electro- + apoplexy.
acoustoelectronics: "(With singular concord) the branch of electronics concerned with the application of acoustoelectric phenomena", 1960s.
electrophone: "An instrument which produces sounds in response to an electric current, e.g. from an induction coil or telephone, especially as developed to enable telephone subscribers to hear concerts, plays, public speeches, etc., in their home. Now historical", Mid 19th cent. From electro- + -phone. Compare earlier electrophonic.
electronic intelligence: "Military intelligence gathered using electronic devices", 1950s; earliest use found in The Zanesville Signal.
electro-horticulture: "The application of electricity to horticulture; specifically = electroculture", Late 19th cent..
electropathy: "A form of alternative therapy employing electricity, galvanism, and magnetism (in various forms)", Mid 19th cent.; earliest use found in The New Monthly Magazine. From electro- + -pathy.
electrophoresis: "The movement of charged particles in a fluid or gel under the influence of an electric field", Early 20th century: from electro- + Greek phorēsis 'being carried'.