英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

emulsion: emulsion: [17] An emulsion is an undissolved suspension of tiny drops of one liquid dispersed throughout another. The classic example of this is milk – whence its name. It comes from modern Latin ēmulsiō, a derivative of ēmulgēre ‘drain out, milk out’. This was a compound verb formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and mulgēre ‘milk’, a distant relative of English milk. The word’s familiar modern application to paint dates from the 1930s.
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Alamo: nickname of Franciscan Mission San Antonio de Valeroin (begun 1718, dissolved 1793) in San Antonio, Texas; American Spanish, literally "poplar" (in New Spain, also "cottonwood"), from alno "the black poplar," from Latin alnus "alder" (see alder).

Perhaps so called in reference to trees growing nearby (compare Alamogordo, New Mexico, literally "big poplar," and Spanish alameda "a public walk with a row of trees on each side"); but the popular name seems to date from the period 1803-13, when the old mission was the base for a Spanish cavalry company from the Mexican town of Alamo de Parras in Nueva Vizcaya.
analytic (adj.): c. 1600, from Medieval Latin analyticus, from Greek analytikos "analytical," from analytos "dissolved" (see analysis).
dissolve (v.): late 14c. (transitive and intransitive) "to break up" (of material substances), from Latin dissolvere "to loosen up, break apart," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + solvere "to loose, loosen" (see solve). Meaning "to disband" (an assembly) is early 15c. Related: Dissolved; dissolving.
indissoluble (adj.): mid-15c. (implied in indissolubly), from Latin indissolubilis "that cannot be dissolved," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + dissolubilis, from dis- + solubilis (see soluble).
lozenge (n.): figure having four equal sides and two acute and two obtuse angles, early 14c., from Old French losenge "windowpane, small square cake," etc., used for many flat quadrilateral things (Modern French losange). It has cognates in Spanish losanje, Catalan llosange, Italian lozanga. Probably from a pre-Roman Celtic language, perhaps Iberian *lausa or Gaulish *lausa "flat stone" (compare Provençal lausa, Spanish losa, Catalan llosa, Portuguese lousa "slab, tombstone"), from a pre-Celtic language.

Originally in English a term in heraldry; meaning "small cake or tablet (originally diamond-shaped) of medicine and sugar, etc., meant to be held in the mouth and dissolved" is from 1520s.
mineral (adj.): early 15c., "neither animal nor vegetable," from Old French mineral and directly from Medieval Latin mineralis (see mineral (n.)). Mineral water (early 15c.) originally was water found in nature with some mineral substance dissolved in it.
rare (adj.1): "unusual," late 14c., "thin, airy, porous;" mid-15c., "few in number and widely separated, sparsely distributed, seldom found;" from Old French rere "sparse" (14c.), from Latin rarus "thinly sown, having a loose texture; not thick; having intervals between, full of empty spaces," from PIE *ra-ro-, from root *ere- "to separate; adjoin" (cognates: Sanskrit rte "besides, except," viralah "distant, tight, rare;" Old Church Slavonic rediku "rare," Old Hittite arhaš "border," Lithuanian irti "to be dissolved"). "Few in number," hence, "unusual." Related: Rareness. In chemistry, rare earth is from 1818.
remiss (adj.): early 15c., "weak, dissolved," from Latin remissus "relaxed, languid; negligent," past participle of remittere "slacken, abate, let go" (see remit). Meaning "characterized by lack of strictness" is attested from mid-15c.; that of "characterized by negligence" is from mid-15c.
resolute (adj.): early 15c., "dissolved, of loose structure," also "morally lax," from Latin resolutus, past participle of resolvere "untie, unfasten, loose, loosen" (see resolution). Meaning "determined, decided, absolute, final" is from c. 1500, especially in resolute answer, a phrase "common in 16th c." [OED]. From 1530s of persons. The notion is of "breaking (something) into parts" as the way to arrive at the truth of it and thus make the final determination (compare resolution). Related: Resolutely; resoluteness.
soluble (adj.): late 14c., "capable of being dissolved," from Old French soluble "expungable, eradicable" (13c.), from Late Latin solubilis "that may be loosened or dissolved," from stem of Latin solvere "loosen, dissolve" (see solve). Meaning "capable of being solved" is attested from 1705. Substances are soluble, not solvable; problems can be either.
solute (adj.): 1890, "dissolved," from Latin solutus, past participle of solvere (see solve). In botany, "free, not adhering" (1760).
solution (n.): late 14c., "a solving or being solved," from Old French solucion "division, dissolving; explanation; payment" or directly from Latin solutionem (nominative solutio) "a loosening or unfastening," noun of action from past participle stem of solvere "to loosen, untie, solve, dissolve" (see solve). Meaning "liquid containing a dissolved substance" is first recorded 1590s.
solvate: "(Of a solvent) enter into reversible chemical combination with (a dissolved molecule, ion, etc.)", Early 20th century: formed irregularly from solve + -ate¹.
dissoluble: "Able to be dissolved, loosened, or disconnected", Mid 16th century: from Latin dissolubilis, from the verb dissolvere (see dissolve).
methanolic: "Of, dissolved in, or diluted with methanol", 1930s; earliest use found in Science. From methanol + -ic.
Mesozoa: "With plural concord: a group of minute worms with no body cavity or organs other than reproductive cells, which are internal parasites of marine invertebrates and absorb dissolved nutrients directly from the host's tissues; (also mesozoa) worms of this group collectively", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science. From meso- + -zoa, after French Mésozoaires.
polysaprobic: "Of, designating, or inhabiting an aquatic environment that is poor in dissolved oxygen and contains much chemically reducing decayed organic matter", 1920s. From poly- + saprobic, after German polysaprob; compare mesosaprobic, oligosaprobic.
oligosaprobic: "Of, designating, or inhabiting an aquatic environment that is rich in dissolved oxygen and (relatively) free from decayed organic matter", 1920s. From oligo- + saprobic, after German Oligosaprob.