英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

deed: deed: [OE] Etymologically, a deed is ‘that which is done’. An ancient word, it can be traced back as far as a hypothetical *dhētis, a noun derived from *dhē-, *dhō- ‘place, put’, the Indo- European base from which do comes. This passed into Germanic as *dǣdiz, which produced German tat, Dutch daad, and Swedish dåad as well as English deed. The word’s application to a legal document is a 14th-century development.
=> do
deed poll: deed poll: [16] Contrary to what the term’s modern pronunciation might seem to suggest, with the main stress on its first element rather than its second, a deed poll is a sort of deed, not a sort of poll. It originally referred to a legal document made and signed by one person only. Such documents were drawn up on parchment cut evenly, or ‘polled’, rather than indented, as was the case with documents relating to two or more people.
deep: deep: [OE] Deep is a member of a quite extensive and heterogeneous family of English words. It comes from a prehistoric Germanic *deupaz (source also of German tief, Dutch diep, and Swedish djup), which was a derivative of the base *d(e)u- ‘deep, hollow’. This may also have been the ancestor of the first syllable of dabchick ‘little grebe’ [16] (which would thus mean literally ‘diving duck’), while a nasalized version of it may underlie dimple. It produced dip, and a variant has given us dive.
=> dabchick, dimple, dip, dive
deer: deer: [OE] In Old English, dēor meant ‘animal’ in general, as opposed to ‘human being’ (as its modern Germanic relatives, German tier, Dutch dier, and Swedish djur, still do). Apparently connected forms in some other Indo-European languages, such as Lithuanian dusti ‘gasp’ and Church Slavonic dychati ‘breathe’, suggest that it comes via a prehistoric Germanic *deuzom from Indo-European *dheusóm, which meant ‘creature that breathes’ (English animal and Sanskrit prānin- ‘living creature’ have similar semantic origins).

Traces of specialization in meaning to ‘deer’ occur as early as the 9th century (although the main Old English word for ‘deer’ was heorot, source of modern English hart), and during the Middle English period it became firmly established, driving out ‘animal’ by the 15th century.
redeem: redeem: [15] The -deem is not the same word as deem (which is related to doom). In fact, there never was a true -deem in it. It comes from Latin emere ‘take, buy’ (source also of English example, prompt, etc), which when combined with the prefix re- ‘again, back’ had a d grafted into it to produce redimere ‘buy back’. English probably acquired it via French rédimer.
=> example, prompt, sample
attendee (n.): "one who attends" (something), 1961, from attend + -ee. Attender is older (mid-15c.) but had senses "one who waits upon" and "one who gives heed."
chickadee (n.): black-capped titmouse, 1834, American English, echoic of its cry.
commandeer (v.): 1881, from Dutch (especially Afrikaans) kommandeeren "to command" (for military service), from French commander (see command (v.)). Related: Commandeered; commandeering.
culdee (n.): mid-12c., from Old Irish céle de "anchorite," from cele "associate, companion," sometimes "servant" (compare ceilidh) + de "of God." Perhaps an attempt to translate Servus Dei or some other Latin term for "religious hermit."
deed (n.): Old English dæd "a doing, act, action, transaction, event," from Proto-Germanic *dædis (cognates: Old Saxon dad, Old Norse dað, Old Frisian dede, Middle Dutch daet, Dutch daad, Old High German tat, German Tat "deed," Gothic gadeþs "a putting, placing"), from PIE *dhetis (cognates: Lithuanian detis "load, burden," Greek thesis "a placing, setting"), from *dhe- "place, put" (see do). Sense of "written legal document" is early 14c. As a verb, 1806, American English Related: Deeded; deeding.
Deely-bobber (n.): "headband with springs carrying ornaments," 1982 trademark name held by Ace Novelty Company. Earlier it had been a patent name for a type of building blocks, manufactured 1969-1973.
deem (v.): Old English deman "to judge, condemn, think, compute," from root of dom (see doom (n.)). Originally "to pronounce judgment" as well as "to form an opinion." The two judges of the Isle of Man were called deemsters in 17c., a title formerly common throughout England and Scotland and preserved in the surname Dempster.
deemed: past tense of deem (q.v.).
deep (adj.): Old English deop "profound, awful, mysterious; serious, solemn; deepness, depth," deope (adv.), from Proto-Germanic *deupaz (cognates: Old Saxon diop, Old Frisian diap, Dutch diep, Old High German tiof, German tief, Old Norse djupr, Danish dyb, Swedish djup, Gothic diups "deep"), from PIE *dheub- "deep, hollow" (cognates: Lithuanian dubus "deep, hollow, Old Church Slavonic duno "bottom, foundation," Welsh dwfn "deep," Old Irish domun "world," via sense development from "bottom" to "foundation" to "earth" to "world").

Figurative senses were in Old English; extended 16c. to color, sound. Deep pocket "wealth" is from 1951. To go off the deep end "lose control of oneself" is slang first recorded 1921, probably in reference to the deep end of a swimming pool, where a person on the surface can no longer touch bottom. When 3-D films seemed destined to be the next wave and the biggest thing to hit cinema since talkies, they were known as deepies (1953).
deep (n.): Old English deop "deep water," especially the sea, from the source of deep (adj.).
deep six (n.): "place where something is discarded," by 1921 (in phrase give (something) the deep six), originally in motorboating slang, perhaps from earlier underworld noun sense of "the grave" (1929), which is perhaps a reference to the usual grave depth of six feet. But the phrase (in common with mark twain) also figured in the sailing jargon of sounding, for a measure of six fathoms:
As the water deepened under her keel the boyish voice rang out from the chains: "By the mark five--and a quarter less six--by the deep six--and a half seven--by the deep eight--and a quarter eight." ["Learning the Road to Sea," in "Outing" magazine, Feb. 1918]
In general use by 1940s. As a verb from 1953.
deep-freeze (n.): registered trademark (U.S. Patent Office, 1941) of a type of refrigerator; used generically for "cold storage" since 1949.
deep-seated (adj.): 1741, "having its seat far below the surface;" see seat (v.). Figurative use is from 1847.
deepen (v.): c. 1600, from deep (adj.) + -en (1). Related: Deepened; deepening. The earlier verb had been simply deep, from Old English diepan.
deeply (adv.): Old English deoplice (see deep (adj.)), used in both literal and figurative senses.
deer (n.): Old English deor "animal, beast," from Proto-Germanic *deuzam, the general Germanic word for "animal" (as opposed to man), but often restricted to "wild animal" (cognates: Old Frisian diar, Dutch dier, Old Norse dyr, Old High German tior, German Tier "animal," Gothic dius "wild animal," also see reindeer), from PIE *dheusom "creature that breathes," from root *dheu- (1) "cloud, breath" (cognates: Lithuanian dusti "gasp," dvesti "gasp, perish;" Old Church Slavonic dychati "breathe").

For prehistoric sense development, compare Latin animal from anima "breath"). Sense specialization to a specific animal began in Old English (usual Old English for what we now call a deer was heorot; see hart), common by 15c., now complete. Probably via hunting, deer being the favorite animal of the chase (compare Sanskrit mrga- "wild animal," used especially for "deer"). Deer-lick is first attested 1778, in an American context.
deerskin (n.): late 14c., from deer + skin (n.).
grandee (n.): 1590s, from Spanish grande "nobleman of the first rank," originally an adjective, "great," from Latin grandis "big, great" (see grand (adj.)).
indeed (adv.): early 14c., in dede "in fact, in truth," from Old English dæd (see deed). Written as two words till c. 1600. As an interjection, 1590s; as an expression of surprise or disgust, 1834. Emphatic form in yes (or no) indeedy attested from 1856, American English.
irredeemable (adj.): c. 1600, from assimilated form of in- (1) "not, opposite of" + redeemable. Related: Irredeemably.
killdeer (n.): also killdee, 1731, American English, species of North American ring-plover, the name imitative of its cry.
knee-deep (adj.): 1530s, from knee (n.) + deep (adj.).
misdeed (n.): Old English misdæd "misdeed, evil deed, sin," common Germanic compound (compare Old Saxon misdad, Old Frisian misdede, Middle Dutch misdaet, German Missetat, Gothic missadeþs; see mis- (1) + deed (n.).
redeem (v.): early 15c., "buy back, ransom," from Middle French redemer "buy back," from Latin redimere (see redemption). Theological sense of "deliver from sin and spiritual death" is from c. 1500. Meaning "make amends for" is from 1520s. Sense of "make good" (a promise, obligation, etc.) is from 1840. Related: Redeemed; redeeming.
redeemable (adj.): 1610s, from redeem + -able.
redeemer (n.): early 15c., agent noun from redeem. Originally in the Christian sense, "Savior of the world, Jesus Christ;" it replaced earlier redemptor.
reindeer (n.): c. 1400, from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse hreindyri "reindeer," from dyr "animal" (see deer) + hreinn, by itself the usual name for the animal, from Proto-Germanic *khrinda- (cognates: Old English hran "reindeer;" German Renn "reindeer," which was altered by folk etymology influence of rennen "to run;" Swedish ren-ko "female reindeer," with ko "cow" (n.)).

Probably from PIE *krei-, from base *ker- (1) "horn, head," with derivatives referring to horned animals (both male and female reindeer have horns; those of the male are remarkable), and thus perhaps cognate with Greek krios "ram" (see kerato-). Older sources connect it to words in Lapp or Finnish. French renne, Spanish reno, Italian renna ultimately are from Germanic.
spondee (n.): "metrical foot consisting of two long syllables," late 14c., from Old French spondee (14c.), from Latin spondeus, from Greek spondeios (pous), the name of the meter originally used in chants accompanying libations, from sponde "solemn libation, a drink-offering," related to spendein "make a drink offering," from PIE root *spend- "to make an offering, perform a rite," hence "to engage oneself by a ritual act" (cognates: Latin spondere "to engage oneself, promise," Hittite shipantahhi "I pour out a libation, I sacrifice"). Related: Spondaic.
unredeemed (adj.): 1540s, "unsaved;" 1805, "not balanced by any good quality," from un- (1) "not" + past participle of redeem (v.).
vendee (n.): "person to whom something is sold," 1540s; see vend (v.) + -ee.
Vendee: department of western France, French Vendée, named for the river through it, which is perhaps from Gaulish vindos "white." Especially in reference to the insurrection there against the Republic in 1793. Related: Vendean.
idée fixe: "An idea or desire that dominates the mind; an obsession", French, literally 'fixed idea'.
deejay: "A disc jockey", 1950s (originally US): representing the pronunciation of DJ.
deep-six: "Destroy or dispose of (something) irretrievably", 1920s (as the deep six 'the grave'): perhaps from the custom of burial at sea at a depth of six fathoms.
mujahideen: "Guerrilla fighters in Islamic countries, especially those who are fighting against non-Muslim forces", From Persian and Arabic mujāhidīn, colloquial plural of mujāhid, denoting a person who fights a jihad.
deep throat: "A person who anonymously supplies information about covert or illegal action in the organization where they work", 1970s: the title of a pornographic film of 1972, first applied in this sense as the name (‘Deep Throat’) of an informant in the Watergate scandal.