convinceyoudaoicibaDictYouDict
convince: [16] Latin convincere meant originally ‘overcome decisively’ (it was a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix com- and vincere ‘defeat’, source of English victory). It branched out semantically to ‘overcome in argument’, ‘prove to be false or guilty’; and when borrowed into English it brought these meanings with it. Before long they died out, leaving ‘cause to believe’, which developed in the 17th century, as the only current sense, but ‘find or prove guilty’ survives in convict [14], acquired from the Latin past participle convictus.
=> convict, victory
convict (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
mid-14c., from Latin convictus, past participle of convincere "to 'overcome' in argument" (see convince). Replaced Old English verb oferstælan. Related: Convicted; convicting.
conviction (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
mid-15c., "the proving of guilt," from Late Latin convictionem (nominative convictio) "proof, refutation," noun of action from past participle stem of convincere (see convince). Meaning "mental state of being convinced" is from 1690s; that of "firm belief, a belief held as proven" is from 1841.
convince (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1520s, "to overcome in argument," from Latin convincere "to overcome decisively," from com-, intensive prefix (see com-), + vincere "to conquer" (see victor). Meaning "to firmly persuade" is from c. 1600. Related: Convinced; convincing; convincingly.