英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

chapman (n.)[chapman 词源字典]: "peddler, itinerant tradesman," Middle English form of Old English ceapman "tradesman," from West Germanic compound *kaupman- (cognates: Old High German choufman, German Kauffman, Middle Dutch and Dutch koopman), formed with equivalents of man (n.) + West Germanic *kaup- (cognates: Old Saxon cop, Old Frisian kap "trade, purchase," Middle Dutch coop, Dutch koop "trade, market, bargain," kauf "trader," Old English ceap "barter, business; a purchase"), from Proto-Germanic *kaupoz- (cognates: Danish kjøb "purchase, bargain," Old Norse kaup "bargain, pay;" compare also Old Church Slavonic kupiti "to buy," a Germanic loan-word), probably an early Germanic borrowing from Latin caupo (genitive cauponis) "petty tradesman, huckster," which is of unknown origin. Compare also cheap (adj.).[chapman etymology, chapman origin, 英语词源]
chipmunk (n.): 1829 (also chitmunk, 1832), from Algonquian, probably Ojibwa ajidamoo (in the Ottawa dialect ajidamoonh) "red squirrel," literally "head first," or "one who descends trees headlong" (containing ajid- "upside down"), probably influenced by English chip and mink. Other early names for it included ground squirrel and striped squirrel.
development (n.): 1756, "an unfolding;" see develop + -ment. Of property, with the sense "bringing out the latent possibilities," from 1885 (Pickering's glossary of Americanisms, 1816, has betterments "The improvements made on new lands, by cultivation, and the erection of buildings, &c."). Meaning "state of economic advancement" is from 1902. Meaning "advancement through progressive stages" is 1836.
developmental (adj.): 1830, from development + -al (1). Developmentalist (1862) was a word for "follower of the theory of evolution."
encampment (n.): 1590s, "place where a camp is formed," from encamp + -ment. From 1680s as "act of forming a camp."
entrapment (n.): 1590s, from entrap + -ment. Criminal investigation sense attested by 1896.
envelopment (n.): 1751, from envelop (v.) + -ment.
equipment (n.): 1717, "things equipped;" 1748, "action of equipping;" from equip + -ment, or from French équipement. Superseding earlier equipage.
escarpment (n.): 1802, from French escarpment, from escarper "make into a steep slope," from escarpe "slope," from Italian scarpa (see scarp). Earlier in same sense was escarp.
helpmate (n.): "companion," 1715, altered from helpmeet, a ghost word, from the Biblical translation of Latin adjutorium simile sibi [Gen. ii:18] as "an help meet (i.e. fit) for him" (Hebrew 'ezer keneghdo), which already by 1673 was being printed as help-meet and mistaken for one word.
helpmeet (n.): as two words in the 1611 Bible, a noun-adjective phrase; hyphenated and mistaken as a modified noun by 1670s; see helpmate.
midshipman (n.): c. 1600, originally so called because he was stationed amidships when on duty (see amid).
ppm: abbreviation of parts per million, attested by 1913.
redevelopment (n.): also re-development, 1830, from re- + development.
rpm: 1906, initialism (acronym) from revolutions per minute.
shipmate (n.): 1748, from ship (n.) + mate (n.1).
shipment (n.): 1802, "act of shipping;" 1861, "that which is shipped;" see ship (v.) + -ment.
stepmother (n.): also step-mother, Old English steopmodor; see step- + mother (n.1). Associated with parsimony and cruelty at least since Middle English.
Is Moder was ded, his fader nam an oþur wijf. ... seint Edward heo louede luyte, for stepmoder is selde guod. ["South English Legendary," c. 1300]