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calorie [calorie 词源字典]: calorie: see cauldron
[calorie etymology, calorie origin, 英语词源]
chlorine: chlorine: [19] Chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas, and was named for its colour. The term was coined by the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1810, from the Greek khlōrós ‘greenishyellow’. Of other words containing this element, chlorophyll [19] too was based on the notion of colour (in reference to the green colouring matter of leaves: the Greek elements literally mean ‘green leaf’), but chloroform [19], originally French, is a secondary formation based ultimately on chlorine (since it was originally regarded as a trichloride of formyl).
=> yellow
florid: florid: see flower
florin: florin: [14] Florin came via Old French florin from Italian fiorino, a diminutive of fiore ‘flower’. This was used as the name of a gold coin first issued in Florence, Italy in 1252, which had the figure of a lily on its obverse side. In the 15th century it was adopted as the term for an English gold coin worth variously 6 shillings and 6 shillings and 8 pence, issued in the reign of Edward III, and it was revived in 1849 when a new 2 shilling silver coin was issued.
=> flower
florist: florist: see flower
vainglorious: vainglorious: see glory
caloric (n.): hypothetical fluid in a now-discarded model of heat exchange, 1792, from French calorique, coined in this sense by Lavoisier, from Latin calorem "heat" (nominative calor; see calorie). The adjective is recorded from 1865.
calorie (n.): 1866, from French calorie, from Latin calor (genitive caloris) "heat," from PIE *kle-os-, suffixed form of root *kele- (1) "warm" (cognates: Latin calidus "warm," calere "be hot;" Sanskrit carad- "harvest," literally "hot time;" Lithuanian silti "become warm," silus "August;" Old Norse hlær, Old English hleow "warm").

In scientific use, largely replaced 1950 by the joule. As a unit of energy, defined as "heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius" (the small or gram calorie), but also as "heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius" (the large calorie or kilocalorie).
calorimeter (n.): 1794, from calorie + -meter. A hybrid word.
chloride (n.): "compound of chlorine and another element," 1812, coined by Sir Humphrey Davy (1778-1829) from chlorine + -ide on the analogy of oxide.
chlorinate (v.): 1836 (implied in chlorinated), from chlorine (n.) + -ate (2). Related: Chlorinating.
chlorination (n.): 1854, noun of action from chlorinate (v.).
chlorine (n.): nonmetallic element, the name coined 1810 by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) from Latinized form of Greek khloros "pale green" (see Chloe) + chemical suffix -ine (2). Named for its color. Discovered 1774, but known at first as oxymuriatic acid gas, or dephlogisticated marine acid.
Cloris: fem. proper name, from Chloris, Latin form of Greek Khloris, goddess of flowers (later identified with Roman Flora), literally "greenness, freshness," poetic fem. of khloros "greenish-yellow, fresh," related to khloe "young green shoot" (see Chloe).
coloring (n.): late 14c., "action of applying color," noun of action from color (v.). Figurative use by 1540s. Meaning "way something is colored" is early 15c. Coloring book is from 1931.
floricide (n.): "one who destroys flowers," 1842, from Latin floris, genitive of flos "flower" (see flora) + -cide.
[S]urely there is cruelty and gross selfishness in cutting down for our own fleeting gratification that which would have ministered to the enjoyments of all for weeks or months. Frankly do I confess that I dislike a wanton floricide. He has robbed the world of a pleasure; he has blotted out a word from God's earth-written poetry. ["New Monthly Magazine" 1847]
floriculture (n.): 1822, from Latin floris, genitive of flos "flower" (see flora) + -culture on analogy of agriculture. Related: Floricultural; floriculturist.
florid (adj.): 1640s, "strikingly beautiful," from French floride "flourishing," from Latin floridus "flowery, in bloom," from flos "flower" (see flora). Sense of "ruddy" is first recorded 1640s. Meaning "highly decorated, profusely adorned (as with flowers)" is from 1650s. Related: Floridly.
Florida: U.S. state, formerly a Spanish colony, probably from Spanish Pascua florida, literally "flowering Easter," a Spanish name for Palm Sunday, and so named because the peninsula was discovered on that day (March 20, 1513) by the expedition of Spanish explorer Ponce de León (1474-1521). From Latin floridus "flowery, in bloom" (see florid). Related: Floridian (1580s as a noun, in reference to the natives; 1819 as an adjective).
florin (n.): type of coin, c. 1300, from Old French florin, from Italian fiorino, from fiore "flower," from Latin florem "flower" (see flora). The 13c. gold Florentine coin was stamped on the obverse with the image of a lily, the symbol of the city. As the name of an English gold coin, from late 15c.
florist (n.): "one who cultivates flowers," especially "one who raises flowers for sale," 1620s, formed on analogy of French fleuriste, from Latin floris, genitive of flos "flower" (see flora) + -ist. Related: Floristry.
folkloric (adj.): 1883, from folklore + -ic.
folklorist (n.): also folk-lorist, "one engaged in the study of folklore," 1881, from folklore + -ist.
gloria (n.): name of one of the Christian songs of praise, early 13c., from Medieval Latin gloria in Gloria in Excelsis, the Great Doxology, Gloria Patri (the Lesser Doxology), from Latin gloria "glory" (see glory (n.)).
Gloria: fem. proper name, literally "glory" (see gloria (n.)).
glorification (n.): early 15c. "admission to Heaven, exaltation" (theological), from Late Latin glorificationem (nominative glorificatio), noun of action from past participle stem of glorificare "to glorify" (see glorify). General sense by mid-19c. Also in 15c. as a term in alchemy, "action of refining; state of being refined." Gloriation "praising" is from c. 1400.
glorified (adj.): mid-14c., "invested with glory," past participle adjective from glorify. Weakened sense of "transformed into something better" is from 1821.
glorify (v.): mid-14c., "praise, honor, extol" (God or a person), also "vaunt, be proud of, boast of; glorify oneself, be proud, boast;" from Old French glorefiier "glorify, extol, exalt; glory in, boast" (Modern French glorifier), from Late Latin glorificare "to glorify," from Latin gloria "fame, renown, praise, honor" (see glory (n.)) + -ficare, from facere "to make, do" (see factitious). From mid-15c. in non-theological sense, "praise highly." In Chaucer also "to vaunt, boast," But this sense has faded in English. Related: Glorified; glorifying.
glorious (adj.): late 13c., from Anglo-French glorious, Old French glorieus "glorious, blessed" (12c., Modern French glorieux), from Latin gloriosus "full of glory, famous," from gloria (see glory (n.)). In classical Latin and in English late 14c.-17c. it also could mean "boastful, vainglorious." Related: Gloriously; gloriousness. In Middle English with comparative gloriouser, superlative gloriousest.
hydrochloric (adj.): 1817, in hydrochloric acid (proposed 1814 by Gay-Lussac); see hydro- + chloric (see chlorine).
inglorious (adj.): 1570s, from Latin ingloriosus, from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + gloriosus (see glorious). Related: Ingloriously; ingloriousness.
lorimer (n.): c. 1200 (mid-12c. as surname), "maker of bits for bridles and saddles, worker in small ironware," from Old French loremier "saddler, harness-maker, military leatherworker" (Modern French lormier), from loraim, from Latin lorum "strap, thong, rein of a bridle," from PIE root *wel- (3) "to turn" (see volvox).
loris (n.): small primate of Sri Lanka, 1774, from French loris (Buffon), of unknown origin, said to be from obsolete Dutch loeris "booby, clown."
self-glorification (n.): 1826, from self- + glorification.
sic transit gloria mundi: c. 1600, Latin, literally "thus passes the glory of the world;" perhaps an alteration of a passage in Thomas Á Kempis' "Imitatio Christi" (1471).
vainglorious (adj.): early 15c., from vainglory + -ous, or from Old French vain glorios "boastful, swaggering." Related: Vaingloriously; vaingloriousness. Groce ("Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 3rd ed., 1796) has vain-glorious man "One who boasts without reason, or, as the canters say, pisses more than he drinks."
valorization (n.): 1906, from valor "value" (late 15c.), variant of valour (see valor).
valorize (v.): 1908, from valor (see valorization) + -ize.
floriferous: "(Of a plant) producing many flowers", Mid 17th century: from Latin florifer (from flos, flor- 'flower', + -fer 'producing') + -ous.
floribunda: "A plant, especially a rose, which bears dense clusters of flowers", Late 19th century: modern Latin, feminine (used as a noun) of floribundus 'freely flowering', from Latin flos, flor- 'flower', influenced by Latin abundus 'copious'.
ad majorem Dei gloriam: "To the greater glory of God. Used especially as a dedicatory formula", Mid 17th cent.; earliest use found in John Taylor (1578–1653), poet. From post-classical Latin ad maiorem Dei gloriam, lit. ‘to the greater glory of God’ from classical Latin ad + maiōrem, accusative of maior greater + Deī, genitive of Deus God + glōriam, accusative of glōria.
perchloride: "A binary compound of chlorine containing the maximum possible proportion of chlorine", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in Humphry Davy (1778–1829), chemist and inventor. From per- + chloride.
chlorite (1): "A dark green mineral consisting of a basic hydrated aluminosilicate of magnesium and iron. It occurs as a constituent of many rocks, typically forming flat crystals resembling mica", Late 18th century: via Latin from Greek khlōritis, a green precious stone.
chlorite (2): "A salt of chlorous acid, containing the anion ClO2⁻", Mid 19th century: from chlorine + -ite¹.
calorific: "Relating to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel", Late 17th century: from Latin calorificus, from calor 'heat'.
oxychloride: "A compound containing both oxygen and chlorine; specifically (a) a combined oxide and chloride; (b) = chlorate", Mid 19th cent. From oxy- + chloride.
colorific: "Having much colour", Late 17th century: from French colorifique or modern Latin colorificus, from Latin color 'colour'.
chloric acid: "A colourless liquid acid with strong oxidizing properties", Early 19th century: chloric from chlorine + -ic.
florilegium: "A collection of literary extracts; an anthology", Early 17th century: modern Latin, literally 'bouquet' (from Latin flos, flor- 'flower' + legere 'gather'), translation of Greek anthologion (see anthology).
florilegium: "A collection of literary extracts; an anthology", Early 17th century: modern Latin, literally 'bouquet' (from Latin flos, flor- 'flower' + legere 'gather'), translation of Greek anthologion (see anthology).