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clangor [clangor 词源字典]: clangor: see laugh
[clangor etymology, clangor origin, 英语词源]
language: language: [13] Like English tongue, Latin lingua ‘tongue’ was used figuratively for ‘language’; from it English gets linguist [16] and linguistic [19]. In the Vulgar Latin spoken by the inhabitants of Gaul, the derivative *linguāticum emerged, and this became in due course Old French langage, source of English language. (The u in the English word, which goes back to the end of the 13th century, is due to association with French langue ‘tongue’.)
=> linguistic
languish: languish: see relish
plangent: plangent: see plague
slang: slang: [18] Slang is a mystery word. It first appeared in underworld argot of the mid-18th century. It had a range of meanings – ‘cant’, ‘nonsense’, ‘line of business’, and, as a verb, ‘defraud’. Most of these have died out, but ‘cant’ is the lineal ancestor of the word’s modern meaning. It is not clear where it came from, although the use of the verb slang for ‘abuse’, and the expression slanging match ‘abusive argument’, suggest some connection with Norwegian dialect sleng- ‘offensive language’ (found only in compounds).
clang (v.): 1570s, echoic (originally of trumpets and birds), akin to or from Latin clangere "resound, ring," and Greek klange "sharp sound," from PIE *klang-, nasalized form of root *kleg- "to cry, sound." Related: Clanged; clanging.
clang (n.): 1590s, from clang (v.).
clangor (n.): 1590s, from Latin clangor "sound of trumpets (Virgil), birds (Ovid), etc.," from clangere "to clang," echoic (compare clang).
clangorous (adj.): 1712, from Medieval Latin clangorosus, from Latin clangor, or else from clangor + -ous. Related: Clangorously; clangorousness.
conlang (n.): by 1991, from constructed language.
Falange: Spanish political party founded 1933 as a fascist movement; see Falangist. Related: Falangista.
Falangist (n.): 1937, member of the Falange, the fascist party in Spain (founded 1933), from Spanish Falange (Española) "(Spanish) Phalanx," from Latin phalanx (genitive phalangis); see phalanx.
flange (n.): 1680s, "a widening or branching out," of unknown origin, perhaps related to Old French flanche "flank, hip, side," fem. of flanc (see flank (n.)). Meaning "projecting rim, etc., used for strength or guidance" is from 1735. As a verb from 1820.
lang syne: c. 1500, Scottish variant of long since; popularized in Burns' song, 1788.
language (n.): late 13c., langage "words, what is said, conversation, talk," from Old French langage (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *linguaticum, from Latin lingua "tongue," also "speech, language" (see lingual). The form with -u- developed in Anglo-French. Meaning "a language" is from c. 1300, also used in Middle English of dialects:
Mercii, þat beeþ men of myddel Engelond[,] vnderstondeþ bettre þe side langages, norþerne and souþerne, þan norþerne and souþerne vnderstondeþ eiþer oþer. [John of Trevisa, translation of Bartholomew de Glanville's "De proprietatibus rerum," 1398]

In oþir inglis was it drawin, And turnid ic haue it til ur awin Language of the norþin lede, Þat can na noþir inglis rede. ["Cursor Mundi," early 14c.]
Language barrier attested from 1933.
languedoc (n.): "language of medieval France south of the Loire," 1660s, from French langue d'oc "speech of the south of France," literally "the language of 'yes,' " from oc the word used for "yes" in southern France, from Latin hoc "this;" as opposed to langue d'oïl, from the way of saying "yes" in the north of France (Modern French oui); each from a different word in Latin phrase hoc ille (fecit) "this he (did)." The langue d'oïl has developed into standard Modern French.
languet (n.): early 15c., literally "little tongue," from French languette, diminutive of langue "tongue," from Latin lingua (see lingual).
languid (adj.): 1590s, from Middle French languide (16c.) and directly from Latin languidus "faint, listless," from languere "be weak or faint," from PIE root *(s)leg- "to be slack" (see lax). Related: Languidly; languidness.
languish (v.): early 14c., "fail in strength, exhibit signs of approaching death," from languiss-, present participle stem of Old French languir "be listless, pine, grieve, fall ill," from Vulgar Latin *languire, from Latin languere "be weak or faint" (see lax). Weaker sense "be lovesick, grieve, lament, grow faint," is from mid-14c. Related: Languished; languishing.
languor (n.): c. 1300, "disease, distress, mental suffering," from Old French langor "sickness, weakness" (Modern French langueur), from Latin languorem (nominative languor) "faintness, feebleness, lassitude," from languere "be weak or faint" (see lax). Sense shifted to "faintness, weariness" (1650s) and "habitual want of energy" (1825).
languorous (adj.): late 15c., "mournful," from Old French langoros (11c.), from langor (see languor). Meaning "suggestive of languor" is from 1821. Related: Languorously; languorousness.
melange (n.): 1650s, from French mélange (15c.), from mêler "to mix, mingle," from Old French mesler (see meddle).
paralanguage (n.): 1958, from para- (1) + language.
phalange (n.): mid-15c., "phalanx, ancient military division," from Middle French phalange "phalanx" (13c.), from Latin phalangem (nominative phalanx); see phalanx. It is the earlier form of this word in English.
plangent (adj.): "beating with a loud sound," 1822, from Latin plangentem (nominative plangens), present participle of plangere "to strike, beat" (see plague (n.)). Related: Plangently.
proto-language (n.): 1948, from proto- + language.
slang (n.): 1756, "special vocabulary of tramps or thieves," later "jargon of a particular profession" (1801), of uncertain origin, the usual guess being that it is from a Scandinavian source, such as Norwegian slengenamn "nickname," slengja kjeften "to abuse with words," literally "to sling the jaw," related to Old Norse slyngva "to sling." But OED, while admitting "some approximation in sense," discounts this connection based on "date and early associations." Liberman also denies it, as well as any connection with French langue (or language or lingo). Rather, he derives it elaborately from an old slang word meaning "narrow piece of land," itself of obscure origin. Century Dictionary says "there is no evidence to establish a Gipsy origin." Sense of "very informal language characterized by vividness and novelty" first recorded 1818.
[S]lang is a conscious offence against some conventional standard of propriety. A mere vulgarism is not slang, except when it is purposely adopted, and acquires an artificial currency, among some class of persons to whom it is not native. The other distinctive feature of slang is that it is neither part of the ordinary language, nor an attempt to supply its deficiencies. The slang word is a deliberate substitute for a word of the vernacular, just as the characters of a cipher are substitutes for the letters of the alphabet, or as a nickname is a substitute for a personal name. [Henry Bradley, from "Slang," in "Encyclopedia Britannica," 11th ed.]
A word that ought to have survived is slangwhanger (1807, American English) "noisy or abusive talker or writer."
slangy (adj.): 1822, from slang (n.) + -y (2). Related: Slanginess. Slangular (1852) also was tried.
telangiectasia (n.): 1831, Modern Latin, from Greek telos "end" (see tele-), + angeion "vessel" (see angio-), + ektasis "a stretching out, extension, dilation," from ek (see ex-) + tasis "a stretching, tension, intensity" (see tenet) + abstract noun ending -ia.
langue: "A language viewed as an abstract system used by a speech community, in contrast to the actual linguistic behaviour of individuals", 1920s: French, from Latin lingua 'language, tongue'.
langoustine: "Another term for Norway lobster, especially when prepared and cooked", French, from langouste (see langouste).
auld lang syne: "Times long past", Late 18th century: Scots (see auld, lang syne). The phrase was popularized as the title and refrain of a song by Robert Burns (1788).
langouste: "A spiny lobster, especially when prepared and cooked", French, from Old Provençal lagosta, based on Latin locusta 'locust, crustacean'.
ylang-ylang: "A sweet-scented essential oil obtained from the flowers of a tropical tree, used in perfumery and aromatherapy", Late 19th century: from Tagalog ilang-ilang.
cholangiography: "X-ray examination of the bile ducts, used to locate and identify an obstruction", 1930s: coined in Spanish from Greek khole 'bile' + angeion 'vessel' + -graphia (see -graphy).
language transfer: "The phenomenon whereby acquisition of a new language is influenced by the grammar, pronunciation, orthography, or other aspects of an individual's first language (or another previously learned language), which may either inhibit or facilitate learning", 1930s.