英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

certainly (adv.)[certainly 词源字典]: c. 1300, in all main modern senses, from certain + -ly (2).[certainly etymology, certainly origin, 英语词源]
gainly (adj.): "well-formed and agile," 1886, probably a back-formation from ungainly. Earlier "ready, prompt" (1620s), from gain (n.).
inlaid (adj.): 1590s, from in + laid, past participle of lay (v.).
inland (adj.): Old English inn lond "land around the mansion of an estate," from in + land (n.). Meaning "interior parts of a country, remote from the sea or borders" is from 1570s. As an adjective, "of or pertaining to interior parts of a country," from 1550s.
inlandish (adj.): 1650s, "produced at home, domestic, native," from inland + -ish. Also "characteristic of inland regions" (1849).
inlay: 1590s (v.), 1650s (n.), from in + lay. Related: Inlaid.
inlet (n.): 1570s, "narrow opening into a coast, arm of the sea," a special use of Middle English inleten "to let in" (c. 1300), from in + let (v.). In this sense said by old sources to be originally a Kentish term.
inline (adj.): 1923 of printing, 1929 of engines, 1958 of computers, by 1989 of roller skates; from in + line (n.).
inly (adv.): Old English inlice "internally; sincerely;" see in + -ly (2).
mainland (n.): c. 1400, from main (adj.) + land (n.). Usually referring to continuous bodies of land and not islands or peninsulas. Related: Mainlander.
mainline (v.): also main-line, 1934, from main line in American English slang sense "principal vein into which drugs can be injected" (1933).
mainly (adv.): late 13c., "vigorously," from main (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "especially" is from c. 1400; that of "for the most part" is from 1660s.
painless (adj.): 1560s, from pain (n.) + -less. Related: Painlessly; painlessness.
plainly (adv.): late 14c., from plain (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "simply, frugally" is from 1560s.
sinless (adj.): Old English synleas; see sin (n.) + -less. Related: Sinlessly; sinlessness.
skinless (adj.): mid-14c., from skin (n.) + -less. Related: Skinlessly; skinlessness.
stainless (adj.): 1580s, from stain (n.) + -less. Related: Stainlessly. Stainless steel is from 1917, a chromium-steel alloy (usually 14% chromium) used for cutlery, etc., so called because it is highly resistant to rust or tarnish.
ungainly (adj.): 1610s, "unfit, improper," from Middle English ungeinliche, from ungein (late 14c.) "inconvenient, disagreeable, troublesome," from un- (1) "not" + gein "kind, helpful; reliable; beneficial; suitable, appropriate; convenient," from Old Norse gegn "straight, direct, helpful," from Proto-Germanic *gagina "against" (see again). Old English had ungænge "useless, vain."
Vinland: name supposedly given by Leif Erikssson to lands he explored in northeastern North America c. 1000; it could mean either "vine-land" or "meadow-land," and either way was perhaps coined to encourage settlement (compare Greenland).

After Columbus' journeys and the European exploration of the New World, evidence in the old sagas of the earlier Norse discovery of America had been noticed from time to time by those who could read them. In early 19c. the notion was seriously debated by Humboldt and other European scholars before winning their general acceptance by the 1830s. The case for the identification of Vinland with North America began to be laid out in English-language publications in 1840. Thoreau knew of it ("Ktaadn," 1864). Physical evidence of the Norse discovery was uncovered by the excavations at L'Anse aux Meadows in 1960.
winless (adj.): 1948, from win (n.) + -less.