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dough[dough 词源字典]

dough: [OE] Dough is an ancient word, with related forms scattered throughout the Indo- European languages. It goes back to an Indo- European base *dheigh-, which meant ‘mould, form, knead’, and produced Latin fingere ‘mould’ and figūra ‘figure’ (source between them of English effigy, faint, feign, fiction, figment, and figure), Sanskrit dih- ‘smear’, Gothic digan ‘mould, form’, Avestan (a dialect of Old Iranian) diz ‘mould, form’ (source of the last syllable of English paradise), and the Old English element *dig- ‘knead’, which forms the last syllable of lady.

It also produced the prehistoric Germanic *daigaz ‘something kneaded’, hence ‘dough’, whose modern Germanic descendants include German teig, Dutch deg, Swedish deg, Danish dej, and English dough. In northern areas dough used to be pronounced /duf/, which has given modern English the ‘plum duff’ [19].
=> dairy, duff, effigy, faint, fiction, figure, lady, paradise[dough etymology, dough origin, 英语词源]