英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

extrinsic (adj.)[extrinsic 词源字典]: "not of the essence or inner nature of a thing," 1540s, from French extrinsèque, from Late Latin extrinsecus (adj.) "outer," from Latin extrinsecus (adv.) "outwardly, on the outside; from without, from abroad," from exter "outside" + in, suffix of locality, + secus "beside, alongside," originally "following," from PIE *sekw-os "following," from root *sekw- (1) "to follow" (see sequel).[extrinsic etymology, extrinsic origin, 英语词源]
extro-: word-forming element meaning "outwards," a variant of extra- by influence of intro-.
extroversion (n.): mid-17c., "condition of being turned inside out," noun of action from obsolete verb extrovert (v.) "to turn inside out," from extro- + Latin vertere (see versus). Earliest as a word in mysticism; modern use in psychology attested by 1920.
extrovert (n.): 1916, extravert (spelled with -o- after 1918, by influence of introvert), from German Extravert, from extra "outside" (see extra-) + Latin vertere "to turn" (see versus). Used (with introvert) in English by doctors and scientists in various literal senses since 1600s, but popularized in a psychological sense early 20c. by Carl Jung. Related: Extroverted.
extrude (v.): 1560s, from Latin extrudere "to thrust out, drive away" (see extrusion). Related: Extruded; extruding.
extrusion (n.): 1530s, formed as a noun of action from past participle stem of extrudere, from ex- "out" (see ex-) + trudere "to thrust, push," from PIE *treud- "to press, push, squeeze" (see threat).
extrusive (adj.): 1816, from Latin extrus-, past participle stem of extrudere "thrust out; drive away" (see extrusion) + -ive. Related: Extrusively.
exuberance (n.): 1630s, "an overflowing," from French exubérance (16c.), from Late Latin exuberantia "superabundance," noun of state from exuberare "be abundant, grow luxuriously" (see exuberant). Usually figurative in English, especially of joy, happiness, etc. Exuberancy attested from 1610s.
exuberant (adj.): mid-15c., from Middle French exubérant and directly from Latin exuberantem (nominative exuberans) "overabundance," present participle of exuberare "be abundant, grow luxuriously," from ex- "thoroughly" (see ex-) + uberare "be fruitful," related to uber "udder," from PIE root *eue-dh-r- (see udder). Related: Exuberantly; exuberate; exuberating.
exudation (n.): 1610s, "process of oozing out;" 1620s, "that which is exuded," from Late Latin exudationem/exsudationem, noun of action from neuter past participle of exudere/exsudere "to ooze, exude" (see exude). Related: Exudate (n.).
exude (v.): 1570s (intransitive), from Latin exudare/exsudare "ooze out like sweat," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + sudare "to sweat," from sudor "sweat" (see sweat (v.)). Transitive sense from 1755. Related: Exuded; exudes; exuding.
exult (v.): 1560s, "to leap up;" 1590s, "to rejoice, triumph," from Middle French exulter, from Latin exultare/exsultare "rejoice exceedingly, revel, vaunt, boast;" literally "leap about, leap up," frequentative of exsilire "to leap up," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + salire "to leap" (see salient (adj.)). The notion is of leaping or dancing for joy. Related: Exulted; exulting.
exultant (adj.): 1650s, from Latin exultantem/exsultantem (nominative exultans/exsultans) "boastful, vainglorious," present participle of exultare/exsultare (see exult). Related: Exultantly.
exultation (n.): early 15c., from Old French exultacion "joyousness, exultation," from Latin exultationem/exsultationem "a leaping for joy, exultation," noun of action from past participle stem of exultare/exsultare (see exult). The notion is of leaping or dancing for joy. An Old English word for it was heahbliss "high bliss."
exurb (n.): "the outer, prosperous ring of the suburbs," 1955, American English, from exurban (adj.), by 1838 (it seems to have arisen in the writings of the reform movement opposed to urban cemeteries), from ex- + urban, on model of suburban. Related: Exurbanite; exurbia.
exuviae (n.): "cast-off skins, shells, or other coverings of animals," 1650s, Latin, literally "that which is stripped off," hence "slough, skin," also "clothing, equipment, arms, booty, spoils," from stem of exuere "to doff," from ex- "off" (see ex-) + PIE *eu- "to dress" (also in Latin induere "to dress," reduvia "fragment").
exuvial (adj.): 1630s; see exuviae + -al (1).
eye (n.): c. 1200, from Old English ege (Mercian), eage (West Saxon) "eye; region around the eye; apperture, hole," from Proto-Germanic *augon (cognates: Old Saxon aga, Old Frisian age, Old Norse auga, Swedish öga, Danish øie, Middle Dutch oghe, Dutch oog, Old High German ouga, German Auge, Gothic augo "eye").

Apparently the Germanic form evolved irregularly from PIE *okw- "to see" (cognates: Sanskrit akshi "the eye; the number two," Greek opsis "a sight," Old Church Slavonic oko, Lithuanian akis, Latin oculus, Greek okkos, Tocharian ak, ek, Armenian akn).
HAMLET: My father -- methinks I see my father.
HORATIO: Where, my lord?
HAMLET: In my mind's eye, Horatio.
Until late 14c. the English plural was in -an, hence modern dialectal plural een, ene. Of potatoes from 1670s. Of peacock feathers from late 14c. As a loop used with a hook in fastening (clothes, etc.) from 1590s. The eye of a needle was in Old English. As "the center of revolution" of anything from 1760. Nautical in the wind's eye "in the direction of the wind" is from 1560s.

To see eye to eye is from Isa. lii:8. Eye contact attested from 1953. To have (or keep) an eye on "keep under supervision" is attested from early 15c. To have eyes for "be interested in or attracted to" is from 1736; make eyes at in the romance sense is from 1837; gleam in (someone's) eye (n.) "barely formed idea" is from 1959. Eye-biter was an old name for "a sort of witch who bewitches with the eyes."
eye (v.): early 15c., "cause to see;" 1560s, "behold, observe," from eye (n.). Related: Eyed; eyeing.
eye-candy (n.): also eye candy, "attractive woman on a TV show, etc.," by 1978, based on a metaphor also found in nose candy "cocaine" (1930).