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determine [determine 词源字典]: determine: [14] The central meaning of determine is ‘fix a limit to’, as in ‘determine the scope of an enquiry’. It comes via Old French determiner from Latin dētermināre, a compound verb formed from the prefix dē- ‘off’ and termināre ‘limit’ (source of English terminate). Its connotations of ‘firm resolve’, a 17th-century development, came via an intermediate sense ‘come to a firm decision on’.
=> terminate[determine etymology, determine origin, 英语词源]
ermine: ermine: [12] The term ermine was introduced to English from Old French as a name for the ‘stoat’, but as in the case of other words of French origin like mutton and pork which soon came to be used for the dead animals’ product rather than the live animals themselves, it was not long (about a hundred years in fact) before ermine was being applied to the stoat’s fur, and specifically to its white winter fur.

The source of the French word is not entirely clear. One school of thought derives it from medieval Latin mūs Armenius ‘Armenian mouse’, on the assumption that this denoted a ‘stoat’ or ‘weasel’, but an alternative possibility is Germanic origin.
germinate: germinate: see germ
hermit: hermit: [13] Etymologically, a hermit is someone who lives alone in the desert. The word comes ultimately from Greek érēmos ‘solitary’, from which was derived erēmíā ‘desert, solitude’. Many of the early Christian hermits, notably Saint Anthony, lived not only alone but in the desert, so it was appropriate that the term erēmítēs was applied to them. It came into English via medieval Latin herēmīta and Old French hermite.
permit: permit: [15] Permit is one of a large family of English words (including also admit, commit, etc) which go back to Latin mittere ‘let go, send’. Combination with the prefix per- ‘through’ produced permittere ‘let go, give up’, hence ‘allow’. Amongst derivatives to have reached English are permissible [15], permission [15], and permissive [17].
=> admit, commit, mission, permission, submit, transmit
vermilion: vermilion: [13] Etymologically, vermilion is ‘worm’-coloured. The word comes from Old French vermeillon, a derivative of vermeil ‘vermilion’. This in turn came from Latin vermiculus ‘little worm’, a diminutive form of vermis ‘worm’ (source of English vermicelli, vermin, etc and related to English worm). The link between ‘worms’ and ‘red’ is that in the post-classical period, Latin vermiculus was used for the ‘kermes’, a sort of scale insect from which red dye was obtained.
=> vermin
vermin: vermin: [13] Vermin comes via Old French vermin from Vulgar Latin *vermīnum ‘noxious animals’, a derivative of Latin vermis ‘worm’. This came ultimately from Indo-European *wrmi-, which also produced English worm, and among the other contributions it has made to English are vermicelli [17] (from an Italian diminutive meaning ‘little worms’), vermicular [17], vermiculite [19] (so called because when heated it produces wormlike projections), vermifuge [17], and vermilion.
=> vermicelli, vermilion, worm
buttermilk (n.): 1520s, from butter (n.) + milk (n.). Compare German Buttermilch. It is what remains after the butter has been churned out.
conterminous (adj.): 1670s, from Latin conterminus "bordering upon, having a common boundary," from com- "together, with" (see com-) + terminus (see terminus).
coterminous (adj.): 1630s, malformed in English from co- + terminous (see terminal). Latin purists prefer conterminous.
dermis (n.): 1830, perhaps from Latinized form of Greek derma "skin" (see derma); or perhaps a back-formation from epidermis.
determinant: c. 1600 (adj.); 1680s (n.), from Latin determinantem (nominative determinans), present participle of determinare (see determine).
determinate (adj.): late 14c., from Latin determinatus, past participle of determinare (see determine).
determination (n.): mid-14c., "decision, sentence," from Old French déterminacion (14c.) "determination, settlement, definition," from Latin determinationem (nominative determinatio) "conclusion, boundary," noun of action from past participle stem of determinare (see determine).

As "a bringing to an end" (especilly of a suit at law), late 15c. As "fixed direction toward a goal," from 1650s, originally in physics or anatomy; metaphoric sense "fixation of will" is from 1680s; that of "quality of being resolute" is from 1822.
determinative (adj.): 1650s, from French déterminatif (15c.), from Latin determinat-, past participle stem of determinare (see determine). As a noun from 1832.
determine (v.): mid-14c., "to come to an end," also "to settle, decide" (late 14c.), from Old French determiner (12c.) or directly from Latin determinare "to enclose, bound, set limits to," from de- "off" (see de-) + terminare "to mark the end or boundary," from terminus "end, limit" (see terminus). Sense of "coming to a firm decision" (to do something) is from mid-15c. Related: Determined; determining; determiner.
determined (adj.): 1560s, "decided," past participle adjective from determine. Meaning "limited" is from c. 1600; that of "characterized by resolution" is from c. 1600, of actions; 1772, of persons.
determinism (n.): 1846, in theology (lack of free will); 1876 in general sense of "doctrine that everything happens by a necessary causation," from French déterminisme, from German Determinismus, perhaps a back-formation from Praedeterminismus (see determine).
deterministic (adj.): 1874, from determinist (see determinism) + -ic.
endothermic (adj.): 1866, from French endothermique; see endo- + thermal.
epidermis (n.): 1620s, from Late Latin epidermis, from Greek epidermis "the outer skin," from epi "on" (see epi-) + derma "skin" (see derma). Related: Epidermal; epidermic.
ermine (n.): late 12c., from Old French ermine (12c., Modern French hermine), used in reference to both the animal and the fur. Apparently the word is a convergence of Latin (mus) Armenius "Armenian (mouse)" -- ermines being abundant in Asia Minor -- and an unrelated Germanic word for "weasel" (represented by Old High German harmo "ermine, stoat, weasel," adj. harmin; Old Saxon harmo, Old English hearma "shrew," etc.) that happened to sound like it. OED splits the difference between competing theories. The fur, especially with the black of the tail inserted at regular intervals in the pure white of the winter coat, was used for the lining of official and ceremonial garments, in England especially judicial robes, hence figurative use from 18c. for "the judiciary." Related: Ermined.
exothermic (adj.): "relating to a liberation of heat," 1879, modeled on French exothermique (1879); see exo- + thermal.
exterminate (v.): 1540s, "drive away," from Latin exterminatus, past participle of exterminare "drive out, expel, put aside, drive beyond boundaries," also, in Late Latin "destroy," from phrase ex termine "beyond the boundary," from ex- "out of" (see ex-) + termine, ablative of termen "boundary, limit, end" (see terminus).

Meaning "destroy utterly" is from 1640s in English, a sense found in equivalent words in French and in the Vulgate; earlier in this sense was extermine (mid-15c.). Related: Exterminated; exterminating.
extermination (n.): mid-15c., "repulsion;" 1540s, "utter destruction, eradication," from Middle French extermination and directly from Latin exterminationem (nominative exterminatio) "ejection, banishment," noun of action from past participle stem of exterminare (see exterminate).
exterminator (n.): c. 1400, "an angel who expells (people from a country)," from Late Latin exterminator, from past participle stem of Latin exterminare (see exterminate). As a substance for ridding a place of rats, etc., by 1848; as a person whose job it is to do this, by 1938.
fermium (n.): radioactive element, discovered in the debris of a 1952 U.S. nuclear test in the Pacific, named 1955 for Italian-born U.S. physicist Enrico Fermi (1901-1954).
germicide (n.): "substance capable of killing germs, 1881, from germ + -cide. Related: Germicidal.
germinal (adj.): "in the early stages of development," 1808, from Modern Latin germinalis "in the germ," from Latin germen (genitive germinis) "a sprout, bud, sprig, offshoot" (see germ).
germinate (v.): c. 1600, probably a back-formation from germination. Figurative use from 1640s. Related: Germinated; germinating. Earlier germynen (mid-15c.) was from Old French germiner or directly from Latin germinare.
germination (n.): mid-15c., from Latin germinationem (nominative germinatio) "a sprouting forth, budding," noun of action from past participle stem of germinare "to sprout, put forth shoots," from germen (genitive germinis) "a sprout or bud" (see germ).
Hermione: fem. proper name, from Greek Hermione, derived from Hermes (genitive Hermeio).
hermit (n.): early 12c., "religious recluse," from Old French (h)eremite, from Late Latin ermita, from Greek eremites, literally "person of the desert," from eremia "desert, solitude," from eremos "uninhabited, empty, desolate, bereft," from PIE *ere- (2) "to separate" (cognates: Latin rete "net," Lithuanian retis "sieve"). Transferred sense of "person living in solitude" is from 1799. The hermit crab (1735) was so called for its solitary habits.
hermitage (n.): late 13c., "dwelling place of a hermit," from Old French hermitage, from Latin heremite (see hermit). Earlier in the same sense was hermitorie (c. 1200), from Medieval Latin hermitorium. Transferred sense of "solitary or secluded dwelling place" is from 1640s.
hyperthermia (n.): 1878, medical Latin, from hyper- + Greek therme "heat" (see thermal) + abstract noun ending -ia.
hypodermic (adj.): 1830, from hypo- "under" + derma "skin" + -ic.
hypothermia (n.): 1877, Modern Latin, from hypo- "under" (see hypo-) + Greek therme "heat" (see thermal) + abstract noun ending -ia.
impermissible (adj.): 1814, from assimilated form of in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + permissible.
indeterminable (adj.): late 15c., from Late Latin indeterminabilis "that cannot be defined," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + determinabilis, from determinare (see determine).
indeterminacy (n.): 1640s, see indeterminate + -acy.
indeterminate (adj.): late 14c., from Late Latin indeterminatus "undefined," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + determinatus, past participle of determinare (see determine). Related: Indeterminately.
interminable (adj.): late 14c., from Late Latin interminabilis, from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + terminabilis, from terminalis (see terminal (adj.)). Related: Interminably.
intermingle (v.): late 15c., from inter- + mingle. Related: Intermingled; intermingling.
intermission (n.): early 15c., from Latin intermissionem (nominative intermissio) "interruption," noun of action from past participle stem of intermittere "to leave off," from inter- "between" (see inter-) + mittere "let go, send" (see mission).
Intermission is used in U.S. for what we call an interval (in a musical or dramatic performance). Under the influence of LOVE OF THE LONG WORD, it is beginning to infiltrate here and should be repelled; our own word does very well. [H.W. Fowler, "Modern English Usage," 1926]
intermit (v.): 1540s, from Latin intermittere "to leave off, omit, suspend, interrupt, neglect," from inter- "between" (see inter-) + mittere "to send" (see mission). Related: Intermitted; intermitting; intermittingly.
intermittence (n.): 1796; see intermittent + -ence.
intermittent (adj.): c. 1600, from Latin intermittentem (nominative intermittens), present participle of intermittere (see intermission). Related: Intermittently.
intermix (v.): 1550s (implied in intermixed), from inter- + mix (v.). Related: Intermixed; intermixing.
intermixture (n.): 1590s; see inter- + mixture.
Kidderminster: type of carpet, 1832, named for the town in England where it was manufactured.